{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1533309263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","title":"Outage Analysis of Practical FSO/RF Hybrid System With Adaptive Combining","display_name":"Outage Analysis of Practical FSO/RF Hybrid System With Adaptive Combining","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1533309263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","mag":"1533309263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078786110","display_name":"Tamer Rakia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-7864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Rakia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061166547","display_name":"Hong\u2010Chuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Chuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Div. of Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. (CEMSE), King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Div. of Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. (CEMSE), King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014237424","display_name":"Fayez Gebali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5189-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fayez Gebali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078786110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95159892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"1366","last_page":"1369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.6917755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6410226225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5898868441581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5714746713638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximal-ratio-combining","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","score":0.5492314696311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.5302574038505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4792923331260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.46640175580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.42061516642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.3087621033191681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.27789074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23322370648384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.2210685908794403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11625292897224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11538097262382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11127051711082458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.6917755603790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6410226225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5898868441581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5802856087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5714746713638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86024645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795632","display_name":"Maximal-ratio combining","level":4,"score":0.5492314696311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.5302574038505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4792923331260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.46640175580978394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.42061516642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.3087621033191681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.27789074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23322370648384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.2210685908794403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11625292897224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11538097262382507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11127051711082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2015.2443771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/594130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/594130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522045078","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W2070394551","https://openalex.org/W2119913956","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2137159554","https://openalex.org/W2139794367","https://openalex.org/W2165775263","https://openalex.org/W2168089116","https://openalex.org/W2314274351","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W6680411184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531722310","https://openalex.org/W4282556388","https://openalex.org/W1974329172","https://openalex.org/W2794431023","https://openalex.org/W1568549004","https://openalex.org/W1988526227","https://openalex.org/W2161504364","https://openalex.org/W2032705859","https://openalex.org/W2121282532","https://openalex.org/W2305714412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"free-space":[1],"optical":[2],"(FSO)/radio-frequency":[3],"(RF)":[4],"systems":[5],"have":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8,39,41],"a":[9,20,53,87],"promising":[10],"solution":[11],"for":[12,23,95,105],"high-data-rate":[13],"wireless":[14],"transmission.":[15],"We":[16],"present":[17],"and":[18,74,143],"analyze":[19],"transmission":[21],"scheme":[22],"the":[24,42,48,64,71,75,78,84,96,102,106,119,129,133,141],"hybrid":[25,108,135],"FSO/RF":[26,136],"communication":[27],"system":[28,109,120,137],"based":[29],"on":[30],"adaptive":[31],"combining.":[32],"Specifically,":[33],"only":[34],"FSO":[35,49,72],"link":[36,66,73],"is":[37,51,67,110,115],"active":[38],"long":[40],"instantaneous":[43],"signal-to-noise":[44],"ratio":[45,90],"(SNR)":[46],"at":[47,83],"receiver":[50,85],"above":[52],"certain":[54],"threshold":[55,62],"level.":[56],"When":[57],"it":[58],"falls":[59],"below":[60],"this":[61],"level,":[63],"RF":[65],"activated":[68],"along":[69],"with":[70,138],"signals":[76],"from":[77],"two":[79],"links":[80],"are":[81,125],"combined":[82],"using":[86],"dual-branch":[88],"maximal":[89],"combiner.":[91],"Novel":[92],"analytical":[93],"expression":[94,114],"cumulative":[97],"distribution":[98],"function":[99],"(CDF)":[100],"of":[101,132,140],"received":[103],"SNR":[104],"proposed":[107,134],"obtained.":[111],"This":[112],"CDF":[113],"used":[116],"to":[117,127],"study":[118],"outage":[121,130],"performance.":[122],"Numerical":[123],"examples":[124],"presented":[126],"compare":[128],"performance":[131],"that":[139],"FSO-only":[142],"RF-only":[144],"systems.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
