{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162032714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2026.3690895","title":"BISC: Rethinking Instruction Set Abstractions at Block Granularity","display_name":"BISC: Rethinking Instruction Set Abstractions at Block Granularity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162032714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2026.3690895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2026.3690895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2026.3690895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116677744","display_name":"An Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4806-0586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136654770","display_name":"Hanzhi Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6253-9106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136623058","display_name":"Zirui Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074636507","display_name":"M. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengzhu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109742614","display_name":"H B Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-4800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2949-2297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056847336","display_name":"Fulin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070641802","display_name":"Jinyi Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-8463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyi Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-8463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036627994","display_name":"Ceyu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ceyu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101630070","display_name":"Wenming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-2251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-2251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101711449","display_name":"Yu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-4395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102898841","display_name":"Jian Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7933-9941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7933-9941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65183189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"222","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.32989999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.32989999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.08869999647140503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.05260000005364418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.3483000099658966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6057999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5835000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5575000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2026.3690895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2026.3690895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-172797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-172797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7689031958580017}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"widely":[1],"deployed":[2],"ISAs":[3],"for":[4],"general-purpose":[5],"processors":[6,45],"expose":[7],"a":[8,86,131,139,148,154,169],"centralized":[9],"register":[10,50],"file":[11],"and":[12,53,110,116,146],"instruction-granular":[13],"control":[14,111],"flow,":[15],"forcing":[16],"modern":[17],"CPUs":[18],"to":[19,25,82,138],"rely":[20],"on":[21],"complex":[22],"microarchitectural":[23,177],"mechanisms":[24],"reconcile":[26],"execution":[27,40,90,166],"with":[28,135],"architectural":[29,74],"state.":[30],"Even":[31],"in":[32,172],"simple":[33],"in-order":[34,54,133],"designs,":[35],"these":[36],"abstractions":[37,68,167],"impose":[38],"back-and-forth":[39],"overheads,":[41],"while":[42,95],"more":[43,144],"aggressive":[44],"further":[46],"amplify":[47],"them":[48],"through":[49],"renaming,":[51],"speculation,":[52],"retirement.":[55],"This":[56],"letter":[57],"presents":[58],"the":[59],"Block-based":[60],"Instruction":[61],"Set":[62],"Computer":[63],"(BISC),":[64],"which":[65],"rethinks":[66],"ISA":[67],"at":[69,105],"block":[70,106],"granularity.":[71],"BISC":[72,129,152],"eliminates":[73],"destination":[75],"registers":[76],"by":[77,92],"binding":[78],"each":[79],"instruction's":[80],"result":[81],"its":[83],"position":[84],"within":[85],"block,":[87],"enabling":[88,117],"block-local":[89],"driven":[91],"operand":[93],"availability":[94],"preserving":[96],"control-flow":[97,125],"semantics":[98],"across":[99,113,159],"blocks.":[100],"Control":[101],"flow":[102],"is":[103],"resolved":[104],"entry,":[107],"amortizing":[108],"fetch":[109],"overhead":[112],"multiple":[114],"operations":[115,145],"efficient":[118],"expression":[119],"of":[120,176],"conditional":[121],"selection":[122],"without":[123],"additional":[124],"edges.":[126],"We":[127],"evaluate":[128],"using":[130],"single-issue":[132],"core":[134],"comparable":[136],"area":[137],"RISC-V":[140],"baseline.":[141],"Despite":[142],"executing":[143],"incurring":[147],"larger":[149],"code":[150],"footprint,":[151],"achieves":[153],"34%":[155],"geometric":[156],"mean":[157],"speedup":[158],"benchmarks.":[160],"These":[161],"results":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"that":[164],"ISA-level":[165],"play":[168],"critical":[170],"role":[171],"processor":[173],"efficiency,":[174],"independent":[175],"optimizations.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}
