{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393405565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2024.3384449","title":"The Importance of Generalizability in Machine Learning for Systems","display_name":"The Importance of Generalizability in Machine Learning for Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393405565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2024.3384449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2024.3384449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2024.3384449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078368055","display_name":"Varun Gohil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-9237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Gohil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-9237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070479562","display_name":"Sundar Dev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5795-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sundar Dev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5795-3502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046161373","display_name":"Gaurang Upasani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6163-7627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurang Upasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6163-7627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101953303","display_name":"David Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-5473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-5473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011491987","display_name":"Parthasarathy Ranganathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-5902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parthasarathy Ranganathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-5902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001498296","display_name":"Christina Delimitrou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Delimitrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-4134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0563,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92072235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.8274551630020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7455072999000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3860982060432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36828234791755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.32925504446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11837822198867798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.8274551630020142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7455072999000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3860982060432434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36828234791755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.32925504446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11837822198867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2024.3384449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2024.3384449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001055007","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W3011083606","https://openalex.org/W3153963463","https://openalex.org/W3156127671","https://openalex.org/W3196850540","https://openalex.org/W4280507006","https://openalex.org/W4287728573","https://openalex.org/W6780233385","https://openalex.org/W6800440403"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"to":[4,25,27,55,71,86,96],"tackle":[5],"computer":[6],"systems":[7],"tasks":[8],"is":[9,20,34],"gaining":[10],"popularity.":[11],"One":[12],"of":[13,16,23,82],"the":[14,21,37,64,80,88],"shortcomings":[15],"such":[17],"ML-based":[18],"approaches":[19],"inability":[22],"models":[24,53,85],"generalize":[26],"out-of-distribution":[28,73],"data":[29,31],"i.e.,":[30],"whose":[32],"distribution":[33],"different":[35,68],"than":[36],"training":[38],"dataset.":[39],"We":[40,62],"showcase":[41],"that":[42],"this":[43],"issue":[44],"exists":[45],"in":[46,59,91],"cloud":[47,98],"environments":[48],"by":[49],"analyzing":[50],"various":[51],"ML":[52],"used":[54,70,95],"improve":[56,97],"resource":[57,100],"balance":[58,101],"Google's":[60],"fleet.":[61],"discuss":[63],"trade-offs":[65],"associated":[66],"with":[67],"techniques":[69],"detect":[72,87],"data.":[74],"Finally,":[75],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"and":[78],"demonstrate":[79],"efficacy":[81],"using":[83],"Bayesian":[84],"model's":[89],"confidence":[90],"its":[92],"output":[93],"when":[94],"server":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
