{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389584403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2023.3341152","title":"Accelerating Deep Reinforcement Learning via Phase-Level Parallelism for Robotics Applications","display_name":"Accelerating Deep Reinforcement Learning via Phase-Level Parallelism for Robotics Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389584403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2023.3341152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2023.3341152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lca.2023.3341152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089909294","display_name":"Yang-Gon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6165-6234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang-Gon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6165-6234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036617506","display_name":"Yunki Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-9324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Ki Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0432-9324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072316644","display_name":"Jaekang Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Kang Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5943-1599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066364128","display_name":"Junkyum Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2519-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Kyum Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2519-2379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052390471","display_name":"Lee\u2010Sup Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee-Sup Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9585-4591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089909294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46838124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.685276448726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6713350415229797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5385452508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4855029582977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.46297284960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.44139835238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.42027634382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39728057384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.17874914407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.14178013801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.13103601336479187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.685276448726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6713350415229797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5385452508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4855029582977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.46297284960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.44139835238456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.42027634382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39728057384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.17874914407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.14178013801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.13103601336479187}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2023.3341152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lca.2023.3341152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G110017730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-0-01847","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158782408","https://openalex.org/W2593237273","https://openalex.org/W2907537824","https://openalex.org/W3088310808","https://openalex.org/W3098629579","https://openalex.org/W3121342653","https://openalex.org/W3126321819","https://openalex.org/W3161095009","https://openalex.org/W3173896065","https://openalex.org/W3216527022"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W2891987081","https://openalex.org/W4327568679","https://openalex.org/W2097707447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Reinforcement":[1],"Learning":[2],"(DRL)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,53,77],"critical":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8],"controlling":[9],"future":[10],"intelligent":[11],"machines":[12],"like":[13],"robots":[14],"and":[15,39,95,103,123],"drones.":[16],"Constantly":[17],"retrained":[18],"by":[19],"newly":[20],"arriving":[21],"real-world":[22],"data,":[23],"DRL":[24,36,51,85],"provides":[25],"optimal":[26],"autonomous":[27],"control":[28],"solutions":[29],"for":[30,81],"adapting":[31],"to":[32,59,110],"ever-changing":[33],"environments.":[34],"However,":[35],"repeats":[37],"inference":[38,94],"training":[40,96],"that":[41],"are":[42],"computationally":[43],"expensive":[44],"on":[45],"resource-constraint":[46],"mobile/embedded":[47],"platforms.":[48],"Even":[49],"worse,":[50],"produces":[52],"severe":[54],"hardware":[55,106],"underutilization":[56],"problem":[57],"due":[58],"its":[60],"unique":[61],"execution":[62,79],"pattern.":[63],"To":[64],"overcome":[65],"the":[66,83,93,99,105,111],"inefficiency":[67],"of":[68],"DRL,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"<italic":[72,87,115],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[73,88,116],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Train":[74,89,117],"Early":[75,90,118],"Start</i>,":[76],"new":[78],"pattern":[80],"building":[82],"efficient":[84],"algorithm.":[86],"Start</i>":[91,119],"parallelizes":[92],"execution,":[97],"hiding":[98],"serialized":[100],"performance":[101],"bottleneck":[102],"improving":[104],"utilization":[107],"dramatically.":[108],"Compared":[109],"state-of-the-art":[112],"mobile":[113],"SoC,":[114],"achieves":[120],"1.42x":[121],"speedup":[122],"1.13x":[124],"energy":[125],"efficiency.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
