{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226549581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2022.3167465","title":"LINAC: A Spatially Linear Accelerator for Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"LINAC: A Spatially Linear Accelerator for Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226549581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2022.3167465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2022.3167465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2022.3167465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101495924","display_name":"Hang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-7473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044810210","display_name":"Haobo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346965","display_name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Lab, Zhejiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373840","display_name":"Yujie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0646-4183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016864694","display_name":"Yinhe Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhe Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Lab, Zhejiang, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101495924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03387966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"29","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7850191593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.7294932007789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-particle-accelerator","display_name":"Linear particle accelerator","score":0.7263791561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7188221216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.7029141783714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7012649178504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.5413020253181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.47470369935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4267372786998749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34034621715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2710338234901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2199607789516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1622980535030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.14509379863739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06909438967704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.06839945912361145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7850191593170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.7294932007789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180048950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836828","display_name":"Linear particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.7263791561126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7188221216201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.7029141783714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7012649178504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.5413020253181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.47470369935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4267372786998749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34034621715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2710338234901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2199607789516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1622980535030365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.14509379863739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06909438967704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.06839945912361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2022.3167465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2022.3167465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4444615682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5523392966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62104229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7106102081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744300498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2750173518","https://openalex.org/W2904327456","https://openalex.org/W2931118404","https://openalex.org/W2950656546","https://openalex.org/W2952857977","https://openalex.org/W2979439447","https://openalex.org/W3092182048","https://openalex.org/W4247198796","https://openalex.org/W4301131225","https://openalex.org/W6729126992","https://openalex.org/W6738885641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103123203","https://openalex.org/W2161277369","https://openalex.org/W1065917","https://openalex.org/W1722985304","https://openalex.org/W4241638729","https://openalex.org/W2900320055","https://openalex.org/W2163242481","https://openalex.org/W4229650374","https://openalex.org/W4244779561","https://openalex.org/W2146872326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,55],"first":[1],"propose":[2,57],"a":[3],"method":[4],"to":[5,37,52,77],"utilize":[6],"the":[7,20,27,42,53,58,64,71,89,97],"spatially":[8],"linear":[9,24,29,65,72],"correlation":[10],"between":[11],"activations":[12],"and":[13,18,80,101],"weights":[14],"of":[15],"CNN":[16,45],"models":[17],"accelerate":[19],"inference":[21,43,90],"process":[22],"via":[23],"regression.":[25],"With":[26],"proposed":[28],"regression-based":[30],"acceleration":[31,46],"method,":[32],"stronger":[33],"bit-sparsity":[34,76],"is":[35],"excavated":[36],"reduce":[38],"ineffectual":[39],"computations":[40],"during":[41],"in":[44],"systems":[47],"without":[48],"introducing":[49],"any":[50],"errors":[51],"algorithm.":[54],"also":[56],"corresponding":[59],"hardware":[60],"accelerator":[61,100],"based":[62],"on":[63,94],"convolution":[66,73],"mechanism:":[67],"LINAC,":[68],"which":[69],"implements":[70],"that":[74],"exploits":[75],"boost":[78],"performance":[79,91],"energy":[81],"efficiency":[82],"significantly.":[83],"In":[84],"our":[85],"experiments,":[86],"LINAC":[87],"boosts":[88],"by":[92],"11\u00d7":[93],"average":[95],"over":[96],"present":[98],"value-agnostic":[99],"outperforms":[102],"other":[103],"state-of-the-art":[104],"bit-sparse":[105],"accelerators.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}