{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3066421834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","title":"A Cross-Stack Approach Towards Defending Against Cryptojacking","display_name":"A Cross-Stack Approach Towards Defending Against Cryptojacking","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3066421834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","mag":"3066421834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016397611","display_name":"Nada Lachtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-7367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Lachtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-7367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000755585","display_name":"Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-6468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063672961","display_name":"Anys Bacha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anys Bacha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033599238","display_name":"Hafiz Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88103313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"126","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9059028625488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.7308213114738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6846936345100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5640028119087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.5501686334609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.411683589220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.37439948320388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20307478308677673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9059028625488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.7308213114738464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6846936345100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5640028119087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.5501686334609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.411683589220047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.37439948320388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20307478308677673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.3017457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648439791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1947580","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2292977173","https://openalex.org/W2729396025","https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2897385569","https://openalex.org/W2911975451","https://openalex.org/W3007346474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W878150521","https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W2008941207","https://openalex.org/W3164717803","https://openalex.org/W3123387860","https://openalex.org/W2373662841","https://openalex.org/W4291291739","https://openalex.org/W4321377877","https://openalex.org/W2915579847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptocurrenices":[0],"are":[1,64],"revolutionizing":[2],"the":[3,21,45,87],"way":[4],"we":[5,34],"conduct":[6],"every":[7],"day":[8],"business.":[9],"Unfortunately,":[10],"cybercriminals":[11],"have":[12],"harnessed":[13],"this":[14,32],"technology":[15],"for":[16,28,39],"making":[17],"profit":[18],"through":[19],"cryptojacking,":[20],"act":[22],"of":[23,44,72,84],"maliciously":[24],"appropriating":[25],"computational":[26],"resources":[27],"mining":[29],"cryptocurrencies.":[30],"In":[31],"letter,":[33],"explore":[35],"a":[36,82],"general":[37],"solution":[38,53],"detecting":[40],"cryptojacking":[41],"attacks":[42],"irrespective":[43],"application":[46],"type.":[47],"We":[48],"propose":[49],"an":[50],"end-to-end":[51],"detection":[52],"that":[54,63],"leverages":[55],"lightweight":[56],"microarchitectural":[57],"changes":[58],"designed":[59],"to":[60],"track":[61],"instructions":[62],"commonly":[65],"used":[66],"in":[67],"hash":[68],"algorithms.":[69],"An":[70],"evaluation":[71],"our":[73],"implementation":[74],"shows":[75],"negligible":[76],"performance":[77],"overhead":[78],"while":[79],"testing":[80],"across":[81],"mix":[83],"workloads":[85],"from":[86],"SPEC":[88],"2006":[89],"benchmarks.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
