{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018553490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","title":"A Power-Aware Heterogeneous Architecture Scaling Model for Energy-Harvesting Computers","display_name":"A Power-Aware Heterogeneous Architecture Scaling Model for Energy-Harvesting Computers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018553490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","mag":"3018553490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034426573","display_name":"Harsh Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harsh Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076249757","display_name":"Brandon Lucia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-1099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brandon Lucia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034426573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80540285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8186531066894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.704195499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7030760049819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5869472026824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.48523783683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-scaling","display_name":"Frequency scaling","score":0.4788908064365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.47799816727638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.4525035619735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4352087080478668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39792951941490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38155055046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3522718548774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33490294218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32075297832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.2230030596256256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15082016587257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14194300770759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12130644917488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07996317744255066}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8186531066894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.704195499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7030760049819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5869472026824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.48523783683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.4788908064365387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.47799816727638245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.4525035619735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4352087080478668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39792951941490173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38155055046081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3522718548774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33490294218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32075297832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2230030596256256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15082016587257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14194300770759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12130644917488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07996317744255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2020.2989440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4449609662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#1815882","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115721786","https://openalex.org/W2123022663","https://openalex.org/W2162385899","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2323498967","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2626726782","https://openalex.org/W2626953429","https://openalex.org/W2751366252","https://openalex.org/W2790352815","https://openalex.org/W2794259430","https://openalex.org/W2897303255","https://openalex.org/W2898269841","https://openalex.org/W2899378420","https://openalex.org/W2899441512","https://openalex.org/W2921918777","https://openalex.org/W2929834255","https://openalex.org/W2945146780","https://openalex.org/W2953858112","https://openalex.org/W2954315180","https://openalex.org/W2987383153","https://openalex.org/W3104393472","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6755794347","https://openalex.org/W6755976579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005635288","https://openalex.org/W2898145991","https://openalex.org/W1967088250","https://openalex.org/W1592982659","https://openalex.org/W2138574009","https://openalex.org/W4230680500","https://openalex.org/W2534461193","https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W2348548806","https://openalex.org/W2096550255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy-harvesting":[0],"devices":[1],"are":[2,13],"the":[3,29,37,45,99,106,116,136,152],"key":[4],"to":[5,36,170],"enabling":[6],"future":[7],"ubiquitous":[8],"sensing":[9],"applications,":[10],"because":[11,76],"they":[12],"long":[14],"lived":[15],"and":[16,130],"require":[17],"little":[18],"maintenance.":[19],"On-device":[20],"processing":[21,75,125],"of":[22,33,49,127,138],"sensed":[23],"data,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"images,":[27],"avoids":[28],"high":[30,66],"energy":[31,62,77,89,161,178],"cost":[32],"communicating":[34],"data":[35],"edge":[38],"or":[39],"cloud.":[40],"This":[41,103],"letter":[42,104],"observes":[43],"that":[44,141,151,167],"on-device":[46],"computing":[47],"performance":[48],"an":[50,160],"energy-harvesting":[51,182],"system":[52],"depends":[53],"not":[54],"only":[55],"on":[56,61,175],"execution":[57],"time,":[58],"but":[59],"also":[60],"collection":[63,78],"time.":[64,147],"With":[65],"input":[67,84],"power,":[68,85],"a":[69,86,176],"faster,":[70],"higher-power":[71],"processor":[72,91],"quickly":[73],"completes":[74],"time":[79],"is":[80],"low.":[81],"At":[82],"low":[83],"slower,":[87],"more":[88,96,173],"efficient":[90],"minimizes":[92,142],"end-to-end":[93,143,157],"latency":[94,113,158],"by":[95],"judiciously":[97],"using":[98],"slowly":[100],"collected":[101],"energy.":[102],"describes":[105],"PHASE":[107,120,133,153,165],"model,":[108,117],"which":[109,122],"captures":[110],"this":[111],"charge":[112],"effect.":[114],"Using":[115],"we":[118],"develop":[119],"architectures,":[121],"include":[123],"heterogeneous":[124,139],"components":[126,140],"different":[128],"efficiency":[129],"performance.":[131],"A":[132],"architecture":[134],"uses":[135],"combination":[137],"latency,":[144],"including":[145],"recharge":[146],"Our":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"model":[154],"helps":[155],"understand":[156],"in":[159],"harvesting":[162],"device,":[163],"yielding":[164],"architectures":[166],"complete":[168],"up":[169],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[171],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$9\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[172],"work":[174],"fixed":[177],"budget":[179],"than":[180],"typical":[181],"architecture.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}