{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2756167909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","title":"Efficient In-Memory Processing Using Spintronics","display_name":"Efficient In-Memory Processing Using Spintronics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2756167909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","mag":"2756167909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080806544","display_name":"Zamshed I. Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-7000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zamshed Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-7000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063733293","display_name":"Jonathan Harms","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan D. Harms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069877491","display_name":"S. Karen Khatamifard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-8975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Karen Khatamifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109379666","display_name":"Masoud Zabihi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Zabihi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-8975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038396376","display_name":"Yang Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-309X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062856806","display_name":"Andrew Lyle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew P. Lyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068714995","display_name":"Sachin S. Sapatnekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-2364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin S. Sapatnekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5353-2364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018104631","display_name":"Ulya R. Karpuzcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulya R. Karpuzcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062474441","display_name":"Jian\u2010Ping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Ping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9561682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7907748222351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.6053639650344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spintronics","display_name":"Spintronics","score":0.5827001929283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5329063534736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbiter","display_name":"Arbiter","score":0.44690248370170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.42954084277153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.42881354689598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.42155951261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3717181980609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32814309000968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24439188838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.24435490369796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11045214533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07993847131729126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7907748222351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6053639650344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207999682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258659","display_name":"Spintronics","level":3,"score":0.5827001929283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5329063534736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629872","display_name":"Arbiter","level":2,"score":0.44690248370170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.42954084277153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42881354689598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.42155951261520386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3717181980609894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32814309000968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24439188838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.24435490369796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11045214533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07993847131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2017.2751042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331888","display_name":"Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W938103622","https://openalex.org/W2010449985","https://openalex.org/W2020704360","https://openalex.org/W2026578838","https://openalex.org/W2038810605","https://openalex.org/W2040579068","https://openalex.org/W2077813824","https://openalex.org/W2081729575","https://openalex.org/W2088797290","https://openalex.org/W2089441138","https://openalex.org/W2093524602","https://openalex.org/W2117154099","https://openalex.org/W2134633067","https://openalex.org/W2143782233","https://openalex.org/W2148831941","https://openalex.org/W2149142646","https://openalex.org/W2155470578","https://openalex.org/W2331783522","https://openalex.org/W2414912620","https://openalex.org/W2508829112","https://openalex.org/W2545376626","https://openalex.org/W2613569094","https://openalex.org/W3103973606","https://openalex.org/W4210830821","https://openalex.org/W4236960770","https://openalex.org/W4239813889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884038052","https://openalex.org/W2982348224","https://openalex.org/W2135481122","https://openalex.org/W3161858668","https://openalex.org/W2115668703","https://openalex.org/W4230671735","https://openalex.org/W143296170","https://openalex.org/W2129720900","https://openalex.org/W2138266884","https://openalex.org/W3124125590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,12,15,28],"overhead":[2],"of":[3,31],"data":[4,16],"retrieval":[5],"becomes":[6,18],"forbidding,":[7],"bringing":[8],"processor":[9],"logic":[10,32],"to":[11,27,54],"memory":[13],"where":[14],"reside":[17],"more":[19],"energy-efficient.":[20],"While":[21],"traditional":[22],"CMOS":[23],"structures":[24],"are":[25],"unsuited":[26],"tight":[29],"integration":[30],"and":[33],"memory,":[34],"emerging":[35],"spintronic":[36],"technologies":[37],"show":[38],"remarkable":[39],"versatility.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"introduces":[43],"a":[44],"novel":[45],"spintronics-based":[46],"processing-in-memory":[47],"(PIM)":[48],"framework":[49],"called":[50],"computational":[51],"RAM":[52],"(CRAM)":[53],"solve":[55],"data-intensive":[56],"computing":[57],"problems.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
