{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2517223676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","title":"Evaluation of Performance Unfairness in NUMA System Architecture","display_name":"Evaluation of Performance Unfairness in NUMA System Architecture","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2517223676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","mag":"2517223676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091424179","display_name":"Wonjun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9057-1459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wonjun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013466630","display_name":"Hyungjoon Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Joon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078262826","display_name":"Jung Ho Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-1394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung Ho Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415731","display_name":"Jae W. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4266-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae W. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698124","display_name":"John Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-3891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091424179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89692608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.875123143196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.617767333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4946739375591278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4708896279335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4689868092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4626601040363312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4616832137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4583977162837982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.44818755984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4366471469402313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4108068346977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.37689030170440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36311742663383484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.875123143196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.617767333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4946739375591278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4708896279335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4689868092536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4626601040363312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4616832137107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4583977162837982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.44818755984306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4366471469402313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4108068346977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.37689030170440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36311742663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2016.2602876","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2751482685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2016-H8501-16-1005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3125894217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2013R1A2A2A01069132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3740181809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015M3C4A7065647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4159443581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2014R1A2A1A11052936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501077214","https://openalex.org/W1579247759","https://openalex.org/W2004937484","https://openalex.org/W2118231264","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2163947402","https://openalex.org/W2170846446","https://openalex.org/W3113306529","https://openalex.org/W4239561798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088620127","https://openalex.org/W2743348030","https://openalex.org/W2558538437","https://openalex.org/W2947629119","https://openalex.org/W2612791064","https://openalex.org/W1963799338","https://openalex.org/W2542775576","https://openalex.org/W2900408237","https://openalex.org/W2036412865","https://openalex.org/W2906562101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NUMA":[0,101,132],"(Non-uniform":[1],"memory":[2,127],"access)":[3],"system":[4],"architectures":[5],"are":[6],"commonly":[7,120],"used":[8,20],"in":[9,82,98,130,142],"high-performance":[10],"computing":[11,144],"and":[12,27,35,145],"datacenters.":[13],"Within":[14],"each":[15],"architecture,":[16],"a":[17,83,99],"processor-interconnect":[18,47,61],"is":[19,64,89,139],"for":[21,118],"communication":[22],"between":[23],"the":[24,43,46,54,60,90,94,164,178],"different":[25],"sockets":[26],"examples":[28],"of":[29,45,180],"such":[30],"interconnect":[31],"include":[32],"Intel":[33],"QPI":[34],"AMD":[36],"HyperTransport.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,87,154],"work,":[40],"we":[41,52],"explore":[42,53],"impact":[44,55],"on":[48,56,163],"overall":[49],"performance-in":[50],"particular,":[51],"performance":[57,134,137,158],"fairness":[58],"from":[59],"arbitration.":[62],"It":[63],"well":[65],"known":[66],"that":[67],"locally-fair":[68],"arbitration":[69],"does":[70],"not":[71],"guarantee":[72],"globally-fair":[73],"bandwidth":[74,81,108],"sharing":[75],"as":[76],"closer":[77],"nodes":[78,105],"receive":[79,106],"more":[80,140],"multi-hop":[84],"network.":[85],"However,":[86],"paper":[88],"first":[91],"to":[92,175],"demonstrate":[93,152],"opposite":[95],"can":[96,128],"occur":[97,129],"commodity":[100],"servers":[102],"where":[103],"remote":[104,126],"higher":[107],"(and":[109],"perform":[110],"better).":[111],"This":[112],"problem":[113],"occurs":[114],"because":[115],"router":[116],"micro-architectures":[117],"processor-interconnects":[119],"employ":[121],"external":[122],"concentration.":[123],"While":[124],"accessing":[125],"any":[131],"system,":[133],"unfairness":[135,155],"(or":[136],"variation)":[138],"critical":[141],"cloud":[143],"virtual":[146],"machines":[147],"with":[148],"shared":[149],"resources.":[150],"We":[151,168],"how":[153],"creates":[156],"significant":[157],"variation":[159],"when":[160],"executing":[161],"workload":[162],"Xen":[165],"virtualization":[166],"platform.":[167],"then":[169],"provide":[170],"analysis":[171],"using":[172],"synthetic":[173],"workloads":[174],"better":[176],"understand":[177],"source":[179],"unfairness.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}