{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490845105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","title":"Epoch Profiles: Microarchitecture-Based Application Analysis and Optimization","display_name":"Epoch Profiles: Microarchitecture-Based Application Analysis and Optimization","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1490845105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","mag":"1490845105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5687291/file/5687292.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069683581","display_name":"Trevor E. Carlson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-134X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor E. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium",", Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072493688","display_name":"Siddharth Nilakantan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-700X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Nilakantan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia","[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018352758","display_name":"Mark Hempstead","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","display_name":"Drexel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Hempstead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia","[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3121 Market St, Suite 324a, Bossone Research Center, PA, Philadelphia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006011049","display_name":"Wim Heirman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim Heirman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium","[Intel Corporation, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Intel Corporation, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02264674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"30","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8211237192153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6503161191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.6163395047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6067535877227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6005871295928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.5239222645759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4793839454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epoch","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","score":0.4784005582332611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.42990028858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3791332244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.33369553089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23286932706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08437323570251465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8211237192153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6503161191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.6163395047187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6067535877227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6005871295928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5239222645759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4793839454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703","display_name":"Epoch (astronomy)","level":3,"score":0.4784005582332611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.42990028858184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3791332244873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.33369553089141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23286932706832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08437323570251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150846664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306","display_name":"Stars","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lca.2014.2329873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17643076","display_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","issn_l":"1556-6056","issn":["1556-6056","1556-6064","2473-2575"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Computer Architecture Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:5687291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5687291","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5687291/file/5687292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1556-6056","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:5687291","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5687291","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5687291/file/5687292.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1556-6056","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1490845105.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510263988","https://openalex.org/W1986491730","https://openalex.org/W2016414291","https://openalex.org/W2024717934","https://openalex.org/W2101865620","https://openalex.org/W2134633067","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4241057782","https://openalex.org/W6675460749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392871747","https://openalex.org/W2391035523","https://openalex.org/W4386869637","https://openalex.org/W2169880332","https://openalex.org/W2099305970","https://openalex.org/W4387251174","https://openalex.org/W3009555776","https://openalex.org/W2087838646","https://openalex.org/W2164091863","https://openalex.org/W2809170821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"performance":[1],"of":[2,30,83,87,94,134,141,144,149,175,198],"data-intensive":[3],"applications,":[4],"when":[5],"running":[6],"on":[7],"modern":[8],"multi-":[9],"and":[10,28,33,62,91,117,151,182],"many-core":[11],"processors,":[12],"is":[13],"largely":[14],"determined":[15],"by":[16,98],"their":[17],"memory":[18,39,114],"access":[19],"behavior.":[20],"Its":[21],"most":[22],"important":[23,76],"contributors":[24],"are":[25],"the":[26,34,72,81,84,92,121,132,147,167,173,188,196],"frequency":[27,93],"latency":[29],"off-chip":[31],"accesses":[32,40],"extent":[35],"to":[36,58,70,128,165],"which":[37],"long-latency":[38],"can":[41,108,185],"be":[42],"overlapped":[43],"with":[44,48],"useful":[45],"computation":[46],"or":[47],"each":[49],"other.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper":[53],"we":[54],"present":[55],"two":[56],"methods":[57],"better":[59,163],"understand":[60,71,111,166],"application":[61],"microarchitectural":[63,158],"interactions.":[64],"Anepoch":[65],"profileis":[66],"an":[67,88,112,139],"intuitive":[68],"way":[69,164],"relationships":[73],"between":[74],"three":[75,105],"characteristics:":[77],"theon-chip":[78],"cache":[79],"size,":[80],"size":[82],"reorder":[85],"window":[86],"out-of-order":[89],"processor,":[90],"processor":[95],"stalls":[96],"caused":[97],"long-latency,off-chip":[99],"requests":[100],"(epochs).":[101],"By":[102],"relating":[103],"these":[104,176],"quantities":[106],"one":[107,184],"more":[109],"easily":[110],"application\u2019s":[113],"reference":[115],"behavior":[116,133],"thus":[118],"significantly":[119,186],"reduce":[120,187],"design":[122,190],"space.":[123],"While":[124],"epoch":[125,180],"profiles":[126],"help":[127],"provide":[129],"insight":[130],"into":[131],"a":[135,142,162],"single":[136],"application,":[137],"developing":[138],"understanding":[140],"number":[143],"applications":[145,171],"in":[146,172],"presence":[148,174],"area":[150],"core":[152],"count":[153],"constraints":[154],"presents":[155],"additional":[156],"challenges.Epoch-based":[157],"analysisis":[159],"presented":[160],"as":[161],"trade-offs":[168],"for":[169,192],"memory-bound":[170],"physical":[177],"constraints.":[178],"Through":[179],"profiling":[181],"optimization,":[183],"multidimensional":[189],"space":[191],"hardware/software":[193],"optimization":[194],"through":[195],"use":[197],"high-level":[199],"model-driven":[200],"techniques.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}