{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062617711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","title":"The grey area in wireless communications: A multiplatform experimental study","display_name":"The grey area in wireless communications: A multiplatform experimental study","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062617711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","mag":"2062617711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Latin-America Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053636969","display_name":"Rodman Aguirre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodman Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065460772","display_name":"David Altamar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Altamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048458836","display_name":"Jorge Cristancho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-7078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Cristancho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101674221","display_name":"Jorge Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061969589","display_name":"Wendy Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-2210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendy Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111929502","display_name":"Edgardo Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0474-6705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgardo Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022180586","display_name":"Yackeline Ternera","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yackeline Ternera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012328325","display_name":"William Toro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Toro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003153303","display_name":"J.M. Juarez Valero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Valero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024757451","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Calle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-3144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Calle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078170478","display_name":"Juan C. V\u00e9lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3953-6297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142879360","display_name":"Universidad del Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/031e6xm45","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Carlos Velez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053636969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142879360"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83981165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6859738826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.620669424533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5787555575370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5698332190513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5665987133979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.4997837543487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.48187264800071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.47058239579200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4650358557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grey-level","display_name":"Grey level","score":0.43520379066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.4275257885456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39770811796188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24424752593040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.17193397879600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15282467007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.11252939701080322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6859738826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.620669424533844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5787555575370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5698332190513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5665987133979797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.4997837543487549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.48187264800071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.47058239579200745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4650358557701111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994222927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grey level","level":3,"score":0.43520379066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.4275257885456085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39770811796188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24424752593040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.17193397879600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15282467007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.11252939701080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Latin-America Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582261642","https://openalex.org/W1603604912","https://openalex.org/W1911998615","https://openalex.org/W1978449560","https://openalex.org/W2019610001","https://openalex.org/W2022073348","https://openalex.org/W2028429862","https://openalex.org/W2063822561","https://openalex.org/W2064067185","https://openalex.org/W2069888113","https://openalex.org/W2078430462","https://openalex.org/W2099579434","https://openalex.org/W2103662601","https://openalex.org/W2110360611","https://openalex.org/W2151579255","https://openalex.org/W2171648023","https://openalex.org/W2202358064","https://openalex.org/W2222783040","https://openalex.org/W2542631288","https://openalex.org/W2917370330","https://openalex.org/W6636004785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2551177135","https://openalex.org/W2612405521","https://openalex.org/W2151430090","https://openalex.org/W2803794770","https://openalex.org/W3121138807","https://openalex.org/W2388949434","https://openalex.org/W2357590506","https://openalex.org/W2366746442","https://openalex.org/W2098964748","https://openalex.org/W1991684817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experimental":[0],"studies":[1,18],"in":[2,100],"wireless":[3],"sensor":[4],"networks":[5],"reveal":[6],"a":[7,106,162],"region":[8,22],"with":[9],"random":[10],"packet":[11],"loss":[12],"and":[13,58,70,87,103,142,149],"highly":[14],"unreliable":[15],"links.":[16],"Some":[17],"refer":[19],"to":[20,74,136],"the":[21,24,96,110,119,128],"as":[23,147],"Grey":[25,97,122,131],"Area.":[26,123],"This":[27],"area":[28],"may":[29,151],"affect":[30],"upper":[31],"layer":[32],"protocol":[33],"performance.":[34],"Unlike":[35],"previous":[36],"studies,":[37],"our":[38,66,125],"paper":[39],"presents":[40,118],"an":[41],"experimental":[42],"study":[43,67,79],"of":[44,109,140],"link":[45],"performance":[46],"using":[47],"three":[48],"different":[49],"hardware":[50],"platforms:":[51],"one":[52,114],"for":[53,60],"Radio":[54],"Frequency":[55],"Identification":[56],"(RFID)":[57],"two":[59],"Wireless":[61],"Sensor":[62],"Networks":[63],"(WSNs).":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"considers":[68],"short":[69],"long":[71],"distance":[72],"(up":[73],"400":[75],"meters)":[76],"behavior.":[77],"The":[78],"measures":[80],"Received":[81],"Signal":[82],"Strength":[83],"Indicator":[84],"(RSSI)":[85],"values":[86],"Packet":[88],"Reception":[89],"Ratio":[90],"(PRR).":[91],"Preliminary":[92],"results":[93,126],"demonstrate":[94],"that":[95,130,157],"Area":[98,132],"appears":[99],"all":[101],"platforms":[102],"it":[104],"occupies":[105],"maximum":[107],"28.6%":[108],"radio":[111,159],"range.":[112],"However,":[113],"WSN":[115],"platform":[116],"(XbeePro900)":[117],"smaller":[120,163],"proportional":[121],"Moreover,":[124],"support":[127],"hypothesis":[129],"is":[133],"mainly":[134],"due":[135],"SNR":[137],"decrease":[138],"because":[139],"attenuation,":[141],"previously":[143],"proposed":[144],"explanations":[145],"such":[146],"multipath":[148],"shadowing":[150],"be":[152],"negligible.":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"we":[155],"verified":[156],"better":[158],"technologies":[160],"experience":[161],"grey":[164],"area.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
