{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2543355797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","title":"Vector quantized phase shift analog beamformers for millimeter-wave systems","display_name":"Vector quantized phase shift analog beamformers for millimeter-wave systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2543355797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","mag":"2543355797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Latin-America Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024328221","display_name":"N. Benvenuto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Benvenuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083657025","display_name":"Stefano Montagner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Montagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047550809","display_name":"Luca Pilloni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Pilloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60732524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7585774660110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6931730508804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6199394464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6124210357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.6102105379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5185347199440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5150010585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4780062735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.41614097356796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.414264440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2489193081855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24821943044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.24735555052757263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7585774660110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6931730508804321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6199394464492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6124210357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.6102105379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5185347199440002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5150010585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4780062735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.41614097356796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.414264440536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2489193081855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24821943044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.24735555052757263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/latincom.2014.7041833","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Latin-America Conference on Communications (LATINCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518192576","https://openalex.org/W2009990945","https://openalex.org/W2049791297","https://openalex.org/W2064032030","https://openalex.org/W2083241806","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2142308177","https://openalex.org/W2798909945","https://openalex.org/W6666657887","https://openalex.org/W6750968397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281688526","https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W4366493479","https://openalex.org/W2905893439","https://openalex.org/W3135374966","https://openalex.org/W2554517556","https://openalex.org/W2953205382","https://openalex.org/W1994906402","https://openalex.org/W4285231928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(MMW)":[1],"is":[2,14,49,99],"a":[3,29,43],"probable":[4],"technology":[5],"for":[6,74,89,144],"the":[7,35,75,82,90,96,103,110,114,119,126,133],"future":[8],"cellular":[9],"systems.":[10],"Its":[11],"main":[12],"challenge":[13],"achieving":[15],"sufficient":[16],"operating":[17],"link":[18],"margin,":[19],"and":[20,58,94,118],"directional":[21],"beamforming":[22,71],"with":[23,113,146],"large":[24],"antenna":[25],"arrays":[26],"may":[27,141],"be":[28,142],"viable":[30],"approach.":[31],"With":[32],"bandwidths":[33],"on":[34],"order":[36],"of":[37,81,125,132,149],"gigahertz,":[38],"high-resolution":[39],"analog-to-digital":[40],"converters":[41],"are":[42],"power":[44],"consumption":[45],"bottleneck.":[46],"One":[47],"solution":[48],"to":[50],"employ":[51],"an":[52],"hybrid":[53,70,116],"implementation,":[54],"digital":[55],"at":[56,60],"baseband":[57],"analog":[59,83],"radio":[61],"frequencies.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper":[65],"we":[66],"develop":[67],"two":[68],"iterative":[69],"design":[72],"algorithms":[73,87,112,128],"MMW":[76],"channel,":[77],"using":[78],"vector":[79,106],"quantization":[80],"beamformers.":[84],"The":[85],"proposed":[86,111,127],"accounts":[88],"RF":[91],"precoding":[92],"constraints":[93],"assumes":[95],"channel":[97],"matrix":[98],"known":[100],"but":[101],"not":[102],"ray":[104],"phase":[105],"responses.":[107],"We":[108],"compare":[109],"state-of-art":[115],"schemes":[117],"simulation":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123,131],"performance":[124],"can":[129],"approximate":[130],"maximum-ratio-beamforming":[134],"upper":[135],"bound":[136],"even":[137],"if":[138],"computational":[139],"complexity":[140],"higher":[143],"systems":[145],"small":[147],"number":[148],"antennas.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
