{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991670211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Routing a Heterogeneous Fleet of Vehicles","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Routing a Heterogeneous Fleet of Vehicles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991670211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","mag":"2991670211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046882676","display_name":"Jose Manuel Vera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-1040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2135383","display_name":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral","ror":"https://ror.org/04qenc566","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jose Manuel Vera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 09-01-5863, Ecuador","Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral,Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab,Guayaquil 09-01-5863,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 09-01-5863, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral,Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab,Guayaquil 09-01-5863,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068737424","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s G. Abad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2486-612X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2135383","display_name":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral","ror":"https://ror.org/04qenc566","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andres G. Abad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 09-01-5863, Ecuador","Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral,Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab,Guayaquil 09-01-5863,Ecuador"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, Guayaquil 09-01-5863, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral,Industrial Artificial Intelligence (INARI) Research Lab,Guayaquil 09-01-5863,Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046882676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2135383"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4413,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72730233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9031563997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8210362195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7488236427307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5981684327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.5694960951805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48313090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.37522098422050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3491341173648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14575815200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0807608962059021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9031563997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8210362195968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7488236427307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5981684327125549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.5694960951805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48313090205192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37522098422050476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3491341173648834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14575815200805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0807608962059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/la-cci47412.2019.9037042","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Latin American Conference on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.03341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03341","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03341","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2991670211","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.03341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.03341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.03341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03341","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.03341","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991670211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991670211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044701049","https://openalex.org/W2076134858","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2607264901","https://openalex.org/W2623431351","https://openalex.org/W2912555327","https://openalex.org/W2949888546","https://openalex.org/W2952332632","https://openalex.org/W2962979969","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W3047863327","https://openalex.org/W4232924673","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6725207838","https://openalex.org/W6730742100","https://openalex.org/W6736495275","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6748487558","https://openalex.org/W6758687306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011810733","https://openalex.org/W1873430446","https://openalex.org/W3037211177","https://openalex.org/W2913754491","https://openalex.org/W2982608510","https://openalex.org/W3133471011","https://openalex.org/W3174662973","https://openalex.org/W1991213655","https://openalex.org/W3030840723","https://openalex.org/W3045710730","https://openalex.org/W2914154006","https://openalex.org/W2187600643","https://openalex.org/W3136849308","https://openalex.org/W1509664945","https://openalex.org/W3200501610","https://openalex.org/W3206082228","https://openalex.org/W3101084288","https://openalex.org/W3100997743","https://openalex.org/W3165369883","https://openalex.org/W3037478850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1],"the":[2,23,79],"promising":[3],"advances":[4],"of":[5,78],"deep-reinforcement":[6],"learning":[7,19,34],"(DRL)":[8],"applied":[9],"to":[10,21],"cooperative":[11,56],"multi-agent":[12],"systems":[13],"we":[14],"propose":[15],"a":[16,37],"model":[17,46,62,73],"and":[18,39,47],"procedure":[20,35],"solve":[22,75],"Capacitated":[24],"Multi-Vehicle":[25],"Routing":[26],"Problem":[27],"(CMVRP)":[28],"with":[29],"fixed":[30],"fleet":[31],"size.":[32],"Our":[33],"follows":[36],"centralized-training":[38],"decentralized-execution":[40],"paradigm.":[41],"We":[42],"empirically":[43],"test":[44],"our":[45,61,72],"showed":[48],"its":[49],"capability":[50],"for":[51],"producing":[52],"near-optimal":[53],"solutions":[54,65],"through":[55],"actions.":[57],"In":[58],"large":[59],"instances,":[60],"generates":[63],"better":[64],"than":[66],"other":[67],"commonly":[68],"used":[69],"heuristics.":[70],"Additionally,":[71],"can":[74],"arbitrary":[76],"instances":[77],"CMVRP":[80],"without":[81],"requiring":[82],"re-training.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
