{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138873688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393","title":"Neural Cognitive Diagnosis Models for Intelligent Adaptive Testing: A Systematic Evidence Synthesis","display_name":"Neural Cognitive Diagnosis Models for Intelligent Adaptive Testing: A Systematic Evidence Synthesis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138873688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 18th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124052948","display_name":"Yasa Khalqiah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasa Khalqiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024219353","display_name":"Indriana Hidayah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4044-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indriana Hidayah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007007487","display_name":"Guntur Dharma Putra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165230279","display_name":"Universitas Gadjah Mada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6d638","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guntur Dharma Putra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Gadjah Mada,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Yogyakarta,Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165230279"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32645684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"515","last_page":"520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.44029998779296875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.44029998779296875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.26750001311302185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.026499999687075615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-adaptive-testing","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning","display_name":"Adaptive learning","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6879000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6258999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5874000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920411","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","level":3,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6057870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141248","display_name":"Cognitive test","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst67832.2026.11432393","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 18th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8117813467979431}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Educational":[0],"assessment":[1],"systems":[2,59],"face":[3],"a":[4],"critical":[5],"challenge":[6],"in":[7,86,121,127],"the":[8,39],"era":[9],"of":[10,41,141],"smart":[11],"technology:":[12],"standardized":[13],"tests":[14],"enable":[15],"efficient":[16],"classification":[17,105],"but":[18],"provide":[19],"limited":[20],"diagnostic":[21],"insight":[22],"into":[23,55],"individual":[24],"learning":[25,50],"profiles.":[26],"Neural":[27],"Cognitive":[28],"Diagnosis":[29],"Models":[30],"(NCDM)":[31],"have":[32],"emerged":[33],"as":[34],"an":[35],"intelligent":[36],"solution,":[37],"combining":[38],"scalability":[40],"computerized":[42],"testing":[43,58,88],"with":[44,97],"fine-grained":[45],"skill-level":[46],"diagnosis":[47],"through":[48],"deep":[49],"architectures.":[51],"However,":[52],"their":[53],"integration":[54],"operational":[56,116],"adaptive":[57,87],"remains":[60],"largely":[61],"unexplored.":[62],"This":[63],"systematic":[64],"literature":[65],"review":[66],"examines":[67],"27":[68],"peer-reviewed":[69],"NCDM":[70,81,136],"studies":[71],"(Q1/Q2":[72],"journals,":[73],"2019-2025)":[74],"following":[75],"PRISMA":[76],"2020":[77],"guidelines":[78],"to":[79],"evaluate":[80],"effectiveness":[82],"and":[83,101,124,150],"personalization":[84],"capabilities":[85],"contexts.":[89],"Our":[90],"analysis":[91],"identifies":[92],"seven":[93],"distinct":[94],"neural":[95],"architectures,":[96],"higher-order":[98],"attention":[99],"networks":[100],"graph-based":[102],"models":[103],"achieving":[104],"accuracy":[106],"above":[107],"0.90":[108],"while":[109],"maintaining":[110],"interpretable":[111],"skill":[112],"diagnostics.":[113],"Evidence":[114],"from":[115],"deployments":[117],"demonstrates":[118],"15%":[119],"reduction":[120],"test":[122],"length":[123],"23%":[125],"improvement":[126],"item":[128],"exposure":[129],"control":[130],"without":[131],"compromising":[132],"measurement":[133],"precision.":[134],"Successful":[135],"implementation":[137],"requires":[138],"minimum":[139],"datasets":[140],"<tex":[142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{5,":[144],"0":[145,146],"0}$</tex>":[147],"student":[148],"records":[149],"careful":[151],"model":[152],"transparency":[153],"considerations.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}