{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2938100063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","title":"An FPGA Based Approach For People Counting Using Image Processing Techniques","display_name":"An FPGA Based Approach For People Counting Using Image Processing Techniques","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2938100063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","mag":"2938100063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 11th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005002793","display_name":"Ibtihaj Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6628-6967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibtihaj Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112729100","display_name":"Zain UI Islam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain UI Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, FURC Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, FURC Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083637324","display_name":"Fahim Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067800058","display_name":"Muhammad Abbas Hussain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Abbas Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023775735","display_name":"Shahid Nabi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155929","display_name":"National University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj88f69","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Nabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&#x0026;SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of C&SE, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929","https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005002793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155929","https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68106381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"148","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7842118740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7367514371871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7253238558769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5986655950546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5529865026473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5495872497558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.546356201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5038723349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4737701714038849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4619373083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4603959918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4583870768547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counting-problem","display_name":"Counting problem","score":0.44334128499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-on-a-chip","display_name":"System on a chip","score":0.412127822637558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38804471492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.37460726499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3701969385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3661808371543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3176399767398834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1700630784034729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7842118740081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7367514371871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7253238558769226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5986655950546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5529865026473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5495872497558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.546356201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5038723349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4737701714038849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4619373083114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4603959918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4583870768547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16592021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5177154","display_name":"Counting problem","level":2,"score":0.44334128499031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.412127822637558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38804471492767334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.37460726499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3701969385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3661808371543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3176399767398834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1700630784034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kst.2019.8687568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 11th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967617464","https://openalex.org/W1972535453","https://openalex.org/W1981182985","https://openalex.org/W1991798049","https://openalex.org/W2044208973","https://openalex.org/W2074091263","https://openalex.org/W2109330262","https://openalex.org/W2140093718","https://openalex.org/W2149713648","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2291874663","https://openalex.org/W2318253906","https://openalex.org/W2573758757","https://openalex.org/W6661358554","https://openalex.org/W6696445883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2045053268","https://openalex.org/W2433492094","https://openalex.org/W2767833206","https://openalex.org/W1556327589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"detection":[1],"and":[2,26,37,43,76],"counting":[3,63,79],"using":[4],"image":[5],"processing":[6],"technique":[7],"is":[8,54,115,128],"a":[9,32,47,77,84],"computation":[10],"extensive":[11],"task.":[12],"The":[13],"algorithm":[14],"for":[15],"this":[16],"purpose":[17],"need":[18],"to":[19,31],"manipulate":[20],"various":[21],"features":[22],"usually":[23],"in":[24,117],"millions":[25],"then":[27],"assign":[28],"the":[29,95,112,118,125,134],"object":[30],"specific":[33],"class":[34],"i.e.":[35],"human":[36],"non-human.":[38],"Finally":[39],"it":[40,103],"counts":[41],"incoming":[42],"outgoing":[44],"people.":[45],"Therefore":[46],"robust":[48],"hardware":[49],"having":[50],"fast":[51],"computational":[52],"capability":[53],"required.":[55],"This":[56],"work":[57],"suggests":[58],"an":[59],"implementation":[60,110],"of":[61,69,97,111],"people":[62],"system":[64,85,114],"based":[65],"on":[66,86],"modified":[67],"histogram":[68],"gradients":[70],"(HoG),":[71],"support":[72],"vector":[73],"machine":[74],"(SVM)":[75],"new":[78],"technique.":[80],"We":[81],"have":[82],"suggested":[83],"chip":[87],"(SoC)":[88],"pipelined":[89],"approach":[90],"which":[91],"can":[92],"operate":[93],"at":[94],"rate":[96],"196.2":[98],"MHz.":[99],"During":[100],"literature":[101],"review":[102],"was":[104,121],"observed":[105,123],"that":[106,124],"no":[107],"such":[108],"FPGA":[109],"whole":[113],"reported":[116],"literature.":[119],"It":[120],"also":[122],"proposed":[126],"SoC":[127],"almost":[129],"five":[130],"times":[131],"faster":[132],"than":[133],"typical":[135],"software":[136],"core":[137],"system.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
