{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412346630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497","title":"Low-Code Machine Learning for Predicting Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Reoccurrence","display_name":"Low-Code Machine Learning for Predicting Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Reoccurrence","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412346630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on Knowledge and System Engineering (KSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036007265","display_name":"Hussaini Mamman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0404-3125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hussaini Mamman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044888597","display_name":"Shuib Basri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-4834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuib Basri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118955068","display_name":"Sadiq Musa Liman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169864488","display_name":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University","ror":"https://ror.org/019vfke14","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadiq Musa Liman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,Department of Business Information Technology,Bauchi,Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University,Department of Business Information Technology,Bauchi,Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169864488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018768322","display_name":"Abdullateef Oluwagbemiga Balogun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7411-3639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullateef O. Balogun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003590905","display_name":"Shamsuddeen Adamu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4015-1723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsuddeen Adamu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Garba Aliyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garba Aliyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106356673","display_name":"Dahiru Adamu Aliyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9803-3604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dahiru Adamu Aliyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118955069","display_name":"Ibrahim Muhammad Kurah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Muhammad Kurah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Department of Computer and Information Sciences,Bandar Seri Iskandar,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036007265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22596918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"478","last_page":"483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8518999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.8518999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.8500999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.7955999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7203866839408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-cancer","display_name":"Thyroid cancer","score":0.5905296802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5304003953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39502614736557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38549575209617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid","display_name":"Thyroid","score":0.3672463595867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20835676789283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2015174925327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.18705391883850098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7203866839408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779761222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826522","display_name":"Thyroid cancer","level":3,"score":0.5905296802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5304003953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39502614736557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38549575209617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526584372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16399","display_name":"Thyroid","level":2,"score":0.3672463595867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20835676789283752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2015174925327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18705391883850098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/kse63888.2024.11063497","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 16th International Conference on Knowledge and System Engineering (KSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1875913220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015MA0-170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1720744388","https://openalex.org/W2791457929","https://openalex.org/W3037824143","https://openalex.org/W3127776324","https://openalex.org/W4224251049","https://openalex.org/W4281701999","https://openalex.org/W4303685961","https://openalex.org/W4303981492","https://openalex.org/W4304762384","https://openalex.org/W4308974122","https://openalex.org/W4319461886","https://openalex.org/W4321003940","https://openalex.org/W4366228214","https://openalex.org/W4386601484","https://openalex.org/W4388022950","https://openalex.org/W4391849950","https://openalex.org/W4392772331","https://openalex.org/W4396608635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Differentiated":[0],"thyroid":[1,57,150],"cancer":[2,58,151],"is":[3,10],"a":[4,44,50,111,115,120],"common":[5],"malignancy,":[6],"and":[7,36,76,88,104,119,126,160],"predicting":[8,148],"recurrence":[9],"crucial":[11],"for":[12,21,129,147],"patient":[13,168],"management.":[14],"Machine":[15],"learning":[16,53,65,146],"approaches":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"used":[20],"the":[22,95,100,142,164],"prediction":[23],"of":[24,62,117,122,144,163],"recurrence.":[25,59,152],"However,":[26],"most":[27,96],"proposed":[28],"techniques":[29],"require":[30],"deeper":[31],"skills":[32],"in":[33,43],"data":[34],"science":[35],"programming,":[37],"which":[38],"are":[39],"not":[40],"always":[41],"available":[42],"clinical":[45,161],"setting.":[46],"We":[47],"employed":[48],"PyCaret,":[49],"low-code":[51],"machine":[52,64,145],"library,":[54],"to":[55,166],"predict":[56],"The":[60,81,90,124],"performance":[61,113,135],"various":[63],"models":[66,85],"was":[67],"assessed":[68],"using":[69],"accuracy,":[70],"F1":[71,105],"score,":[72],"recall,":[73],"precision,":[74],"Kappa,":[75],"Matthews":[77],"Correlation":[78],"Coefficient":[79],"(MCC).":[80],"top":[82],"five":[83],"performing":[84],"were":[86],"selected":[87],"analyzed.":[89],"results":[91],"revealed":[92],"CatBoost":[93,130],"as":[94],"effective":[97],"model,":[98],"achieving":[99],"highest":[101],"accuracy":[102],"(0.9685)":[103],"score":[106],"(0.9682).":[107],"It":[108],"also":[109],"demonstrated":[110],"balanced":[112],"with":[114],"recall":[116],"0.9685":[118],"precision":[121],"0.9686.":[123],"Kappa":[125],"MCC":[127],"scores":[128],"(0.9229,":[131],"0.9237)":[132],"indicated":[133],"strong":[134],"beyond":[136],"random":[137],"chance.":[138],"This":[139],"study":[140],"demonstrates":[141],"potential":[143],"differentiated":[149],"Future":[153],"research":[154],"should":[155],"focus":[156],"on":[157],"external":[158],"validation":[159],"integration":[162],"model":[165],"improve":[167],"outcomes.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}