{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394841767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304","title":"Optimal DDoS Attack Strategy for Cyber\u2013Physical Systems: A Multiattacker\u2013Defender Game","display_name":"Optimal DDoS Attack Strategy for Cyber\u2013Physical Systems: A Multiattacker\u2013Defender Game","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394841767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396911","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-9610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015987381","display_name":"Jie Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5067-8606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5067-8606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040673729","display_name":"Zhuping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-4082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-4082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101412853","display_name":"Sheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3694-0021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of electronic and information engineering, Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079742998","display_name":"Huaicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5496-1809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5496-1809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8973043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"929","last_page":"940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7083260416984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6307746171951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6209285259246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.5361940860748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4979734420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4873226583003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38808614015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.21447250247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08822318911552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08180281519889832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7083260416984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6307746171951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6209285259246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.5361940860748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4979734420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4873226583003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38808614015579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.21447250247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08822318911552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08180281519889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2024.3381304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1842429679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516259031","https://openalex.org/W1533466674","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1651728063","https://openalex.org/W2016617706","https://openalex.org/W2063688797","https://openalex.org/W2098579359","https://openalex.org/W2111075016","https://openalex.org/W2119012490","https://openalex.org/W2119895058","https://openalex.org/W2123990969","https://openalex.org/W2159591388","https://openalex.org/W2162969618","https://openalex.org/W2164522996","https://openalex.org/W2324627801","https://openalex.org/W2359748483","https://openalex.org/W2363986426","https://openalex.org/W2525975698","https://openalex.org/W2615951371","https://openalex.org/W2758737610","https://openalex.org/W2770337865","https://openalex.org/W2811475107","https://openalex.org/W2962710862","https://openalex.org/W2971859948","https://openalex.org/W3012541498","https://openalex.org/W3036062693","https://openalex.org/W3092252985","https://openalex.org/W3210896474","https://openalex.org/W4233776596","https://openalex.org/W4234761190","https://openalex.org/W4294310823","https://openalex.org/W4313306139"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2898696280","https://openalex.org/W2921433547","https://openalex.org/W2958385475","https://openalex.org/W2783466926","https://openalex.org/W4286539397","https://openalex.org/W2370216173","https://openalex.org/W4256682929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"studies":[2],"the":[3,26,43,50,55,62,66,77,124,132,136,158,163,182,185],"optimal":[4,78,82,125,143,165],"distributed":[5],"denial-of-service":[6],"attack":[7,20],"strategy":[8,21],"for":[9,42],"cyber\u2013physical":[10],"systems":[11],"with":[12],"multiple":[13,16],"attackers":[14,67],"and":[15,45,81,97,130,149,172],"defenders.":[17],"An":[18],"advanced":[19],"is":[22,47,59,120,147,154,178],"proposed":[23,87,155,186],"to":[24,29,60,69,88,106,122,156,180],"cause":[25],"great":[27],"damage":[28],"system":[30,63],"in":[31,109],"a":[32,36,110,115,141,150,175],"multiattacker\u2013defender":[33],"form.":[34],"First,":[35],"novel":[37],"model":[38],"of":[39,57,93,102,167,184],"signal-to-interference-to-noise":[40],"ratio":[41],"multiattacker":[44],"multidefender":[46],"built.":[48],"Taking":[49],"energy":[51,83],"constraints":[52],"into":[53],"consideration,":[54],"objective":[56],"defenders":[58],"minimize":[61],"performance,":[64],"while":[65],"tend":[68],"deteriorate":[70],"it":[71],"by":[72,127],"emitting":[73],"interference":[74],"energy.":[75],"Thus,":[76],"channel":[79,91,108,137,144],"selection":[80,145],"allocation":[84],"strategies":[85,166],"are":[86,139,170],"answer":[89],"which":[90],"both":[92,101,168],"them":[94,103],"should":[95,104],"choose":[96],"how":[98],"much":[99],"power":[100],"allocate":[105],"each":[107],"finite":[111],"time":[112],"horizon.":[113],"Second,":[114],"two-player":[116],"zero-sum":[117],"matrix":[118],"game":[119,152],"formulated":[121],"solve":[123],"problem":[126,146],"linear":[128],"programming":[129],"obtain":[131],"Nash":[133,159],"equilibrium.":[134,160],"When":[135],"parameters":[138],"time-varying,":[140],"dynamic":[142],"considered":[148],"multistage":[151],"algorithm":[153],"find":[157],"In":[161],"addition,":[162],"designed":[164],"players":[169],"demonstrated":[171],"analyzed.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"numerical":[176],"simulation":[177],"provided":[179],"illustrate":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"approach.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}