{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214900980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468","title":"Functional Split-Aware Optimal BBU Placement for 5G Cloud-RAN Over WDM Access/Aggregation Network","display_name":"Functional Split-Aware Optimal BBU Placement for 5G Cloud-RAN Over WDM Access/Aggregation Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214900980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029822365","display_name":"Muhammad Ahsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ahsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035946152","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6194-7551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015344651","display_name":"Arafat Al\u2010Dweik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-3438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE","CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arafat Al-Dweik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079900331","display_name":"Arsalan Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsalan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029822365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80963382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"122","last_page":"133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7583761215209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.7184622287750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.694742739200592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.641295313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.6074624061584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5586552619934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5094419121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.47092002630233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4142487049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.40911799669265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.1768694818019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1268100142478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10386806726455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.08284643292427063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7583761215209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.7184622287750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.694742739200592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.641295313835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.6074624061584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5586552619934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5094419121742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.47092002630233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4142487049102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.40911799669265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.1768694818019867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1268100142478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10386806726455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.08284643292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2022.3150468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485071329","https://openalex.org/W1544322300","https://openalex.org/W1942824967","https://openalex.org/W1973454958","https://openalex.org/W1979756020","https://openalex.org/W1993691295","https://openalex.org/W2008716187","https://openalex.org/W2055845120","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2092330486","https://openalex.org/W2182875390","https://openalex.org/W2296054864","https://openalex.org/W2381074797","https://openalex.org/W2565527742","https://openalex.org/W2569261793","https://openalex.org/W2588590245","https://openalex.org/W2617564520","https://openalex.org/W2727813604","https://openalex.org/W2751515019","https://openalex.org/W2782822180","https://openalex.org/W2789427710","https://openalex.org/W2870180737","https://openalex.org/W2884665946","https://openalex.org/W2888969081","https://openalex.org/W2895059999","https://openalex.org/W2908688335","https://openalex.org/W2923667431","https://openalex.org/W2976125340","https://openalex.org/W3019692623","https://openalex.org/W6682731761","https://openalex.org/W6761582788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592537445","https://openalex.org/W2117039245","https://openalex.org/W2497039592","https://openalex.org/W2238502947","https://openalex.org/W4327983820","https://openalex.org/W2588899857","https://openalex.org/W2511268924","https://openalex.org/W2791638519","https://openalex.org/W2474288807","https://openalex.org/W2944278712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fifth":[0],"generation":[1],"(5G)":[2],"cloud-radio":[3],"access":[4],"network":[5,119,156,171,201],"(C-RAN)":[6],"aims":[7],"at":[8,67],"providing":[9,117],"better":[10],"performance":[11],"and":[12,21,44,64,78,123,151,182,199],"support":[13],"to":[14,46,50,59,110,143,164],"various":[15],"applications":[16],"with":[17,104,120,136,186],"stringent":[18],"data":[19,84],"rate":[20,85],"latency":[22,114],"requirements.":[23],"In":[24,94],"C-RAN,":[25],"the":[26,31,38,68,76,89,112,118,146,155,166,187,191],"processing":[27],"units,":[28],"known":[29],"as":[30],"baseband":[32],"units":[33],"(BBUs),":[34],"are":[35],"segregated":[36],"from":[37],"individual":[39],"remote":[40],"radio":[41],"heads":[42],"(RRHs)":[43],"moved":[45],"a":[47,71,99,105,137,159],"convenient":[48],"location":[49],"serve":[51],"more":[52],"than":[53],"one":[54],"RRH.":[55],"This":[56],"migration":[57],"leads":[58],"an":[60,128,178],"efficient":[61],"resource":[62],"allocation":[63],"cost-effective":[65],"solution":[66],"expense":[69],"of":[70,148,180],"huge":[72],"fronthaul":[73,83,113],"traffic":[74],"between":[75],"RRH":[77],"BBU":[79,102,133,149],"hotel.":[80],"The":[81,173],"required":[82],"largely":[86],"depends":[87],"on":[88],"employed":[90],"functional":[91,107,139],"split":[92,108,140,194],"options.":[93],"this":[95],"article,":[96],"we":[97],"propose":[98],"novel":[100],"optimal":[101],"placement":[103,134],"mixed":[106,138],"scheme":[109,189,196],"combat":[111],"challenge":[115],"while":[116],"greater":[121],"flexibility":[122],"cost":[124],"reduction.":[125],"We":[126],"introduce":[127],"integer":[129],"linear":[130],"programming":[131],"(ILP)-based":[132],"problem":[135],"selection":[141],"approach":[142],"simultaneously":[144],"minimize":[145],"number":[147],"hotels":[150],"fibers,":[152],"thereby":[153],"reducing":[154],"cost.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"heuristic":[160],"algorithm":[161],"is":[162,184],"proposed":[163,167,188],"solve":[165],"model":[168],"for":[169,197],"large":[170,200],"scenarios.":[172],"obtained":[174],"results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"improvement":[179],"25%":[181],"50%":[183],"realized":[185],"over":[190],"conventional":[192],"fixed":[193],"option":[195],"small":[198],"scenarios,":[202],"respectively.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
