{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205409922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689","title":"Defending Industry 4.0: An Enhanced Authentication Scheme for IoT Devices","display_name":"Defending Industry 4.0: An Enhanced Authentication Scheme for IoT Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205409922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069794920","display_name":"Nasour Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83123760","display_name":"Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkz4493","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasour Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Farmanieh Campus, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6818-5342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83123760"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Farmanieh Campus, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056889098","display_name":"Saru Kumari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-5383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I303593345","display_name":"Chaudhary Charan Singh University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hzdv945","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I303593345"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saru Kumari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-5383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I303593345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035792370","display_name":"Carmen C\u00e1mara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Camara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-8724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004222325","display_name":"Pedro Peris\u2010Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Peris-Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-0760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86601865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"4501","last_page":"4512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6493387222290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6176551580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5870422124862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.5827881097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5386658906936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5386303663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4693385660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.45271289348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3691686987876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14595380425453186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6493387222290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6176551580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5870422124862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.5827881097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5386658906936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5386303663253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4693385660648346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.45271289348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3691686987876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14595380425453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3131689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2641106854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2019-CARDIOSEC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309764","funder_display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8339972382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"98010674","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","funder_display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309764","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01jzs3b90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526070463","https://openalex.org/W1539249970","https://openalex.org/W1553650484","https://openalex.org/W1611224305","https://openalex.org/W1981857788","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2052828598","https://openalex.org/W2099841931","https://openalex.org/W2315346806","https://openalex.org/W2587508615","https://openalex.org/W2609047018","https://openalex.org/W2613748018","https://openalex.org/W2789816247","https://openalex.org/W2801237935","https://openalex.org/W2885623102","https://openalex.org/W2888413717","https://openalex.org/W2896797608","https://openalex.org/W2943388243","https://openalex.org/W2946274834","https://openalex.org/W2967410062","https://openalex.org/W2974280033","https://openalex.org/W2981797988","https://openalex.org/W2985307378","https://openalex.org/W2991470282","https://openalex.org/W2996947185","https://openalex.org/W2998756909","https://openalex.org/W3004823277","https://openalex.org/W3005206852","https://openalex.org/W3008439638","https://openalex.org/W3008569902","https://openalex.org/W3009104744","https://openalex.org/W3024069558","https://openalex.org/W3031842551","https://openalex.org/W3083387057","https://openalex.org/W3093600875","https://openalex.org/W3094745711","https://openalex.org/W3108801278","https://openalex.org/W3109853405","https://openalex.org/W3142542690","https://openalex.org/W3146337653","https://openalex.org/W3193542172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230197055","https://openalex.org/W4296749040","https://openalex.org/W4404605447","https://openalex.org/W621808327","https://openalex.org/W644007644","https://openalex.org/W2497198634","https://openalex.org/W3012257603","https://openalex.org/W1586784764","https://openalex.org/W4292264782","https://openalex.org/W2517088709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,146],"address":[1],"the":[2,68,71,83,97,116,126,132,136,170,175],"security":[3,21,150,167],"concerns":[4],"of":[5,19,70,94,118],"Industry":[6],"4.0,":[7],"recently,":[8],"Garget":[9,30,189],"al.proposed":[10],"a":[11,43,79,103,119,155,184],"lightweight":[12],"authentication":[13],"protocol,":[14],"and":[15,36,77,109,163,178],"Akramet":[16],"al.showed":[17],"some":[18],"its":[20,110],"drawbacks.":[22],"We":[23,99],"continue":[24],"this":[25,101],"line":[26],"by":[27],"exposing":[28],"how":[29,125],"al.\u2019s":[31,190],"protocol":[32,157],"suffers":[33],"from":[34,91],"noninvasive":[35,64],"invasive":[37],"attacks.":[38],"First,":[39,159],"we":[40,58,123,139,152],"explain":[41],"that":[42,60],"passive":[44],"attacker":[45],"can":[46,66,85],"trace":[47],"any":[48,87,92],"two":[49],"communicating":[50],"nodes":[51,95],"to":[52],"compromise":[53,67],"their":[54],"location":[55],"privacy.":[56],"Next,":[57],"show":[59],"an":[61,141],"active":[62],"though":[63],"adversary":[65,84],"integrity":[69],"exchanged":[72],"messages":[73],"without":[74],"being":[75],"detected":[76],"run":[78],"de-synchronization":[80],"attack.":[81],"Besides,":[82],"extract":[86],"shared":[88],"session":[89,105],"key":[90,106],"pair":[93],"in":[96],"protocol.":[98,191],"named":[100],"attack":[102],"pandemic":[104],"disclosure":[107],"attack,":[108],"consequences":[111],"are":[112],"more":[113],"harmful":[114],"than":[115],"impersonation":[117],"compromised":[120],"node.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"disclose":[124],"proposed":[127],"scheme":[128],"does":[129],"not":[130],"guarantee":[131],"privacy":[133],"protection":[134],"for":[135],"keys":[137],"when":[138],"assume":[140],"honest":[142],"but":[143],"curious":[144],"server.":[145],"overcome":[147],"those":[148],"existing":[149],"flaws,":[151],"finally":[153],"propose":[154],"revised":[156],"calledTARDIGRADE.":[158],"our":[160,165,180],"informal":[161],"analysis,":[162],"then,":[164],"formal":[166],"analysis":[168,182],"using":[169],"real-or-random":[171],"model":[172],"shows":[173],"thatTARDIGRADEprovides":[174],"desired":[176],"security,":[177],"likewise,":[179],"performance":[181],"confirms":[183],"reasonable":[185],"cost":[186],"compared":[187],"with":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}