{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197795192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","title":"Optimal Planning of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Distribution Networks","display_name":"Optimal Planning of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Distribution Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197795192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","mag":"3197795192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005571001","display_name":"Ammar M. Muqbel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-986X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Muqbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0434-986X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001054886","display_name":"Ali T. Al\u2010Awami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali T. Al-Awami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Mobility and Logistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046208390","display_name":"Masood Parvania","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-7010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masood Parvania","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-7010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89347602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1194","last_page":"1205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.7362365126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6728300452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.627703845500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.606703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.585224986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5503449440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.45394235849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4512086808681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-metering","display_name":"Net metering","score":0.4359533488750458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-data-store","display_name":"Distributed data store","score":0.4262882471084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4239279627799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.41816478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.37550607323646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3537815809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3354480266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3038361072540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2280142903327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10827139019966125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.7362365126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6728300452232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.627703845500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.606703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.585224986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5503449440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45394235849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4512086808681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779961549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2685471","display_name":"Net metering","level":4,"score":0.4359533488750458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339678","display_name":"Distributed data store","level":2,"score":0.4262882471084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4239279627799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.41816478967666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.37550607323646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3537815809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3354480266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3038361072540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2280142903327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10827139019966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3099439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7362144168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DF201006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993556968","https://openalex.org/W2014680644","https://openalex.org/W2024605755","https://openalex.org/W2040611596","https://openalex.org/W2041085220","https://openalex.org/W2058937311","https://openalex.org/W2165076581","https://openalex.org/W2166628883","https://openalex.org/W2336176416","https://openalex.org/W2338034668","https://openalex.org/W2344986389","https://openalex.org/W2485135858","https://openalex.org/W2530974461","https://openalex.org/W2562255010","https://openalex.org/W2562798846","https://openalex.org/W2565207951","https://openalex.org/W2731012139","https://openalex.org/W2735549622","https://openalex.org/W2743043759","https://openalex.org/W2883240681","https://openalex.org/W2901454185","https://openalex.org/W2959873672","https://openalex.org/W2965072857","https://openalex.org/W2972501022","https://openalex.org/W2974510966","https://openalex.org/W2979296525","https://openalex.org/W3000230823","https://openalex.org/W3032228537","https://openalex.org/W3038572201","https://openalex.org/W3044584693","https://openalex.org/W3048046931","https://openalex.org/W3088992494","https://openalex.org/W4236451413","https://openalex.org/W4238314826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2971464976","https://openalex.org/W4281958170","https://openalex.org/W2103508377","https://openalex.org/W4200395301","https://openalex.org/W2188499987","https://openalex.org/W2110329620","https://openalex.org/W4365392839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116,157],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,60,130,140,152,159],"distributed":[3,51,96],"renewable":[4],"generation":[5],"poses":[6],"many":[7,44],"challenges":[8],"to":[9,79,101,112],"power":[10,82],"distribution":[11],"networks":[12],"(DN),":[13],"such":[14,73],"as":[15,55,74,120],"network":[16],"congestion":[17],"and":[18,77,94,109,146],"voltage":[19],"violations.":[20],"Recent":[21],"advances":[22],"in":[23,98,132],"battery":[24,28],"technologies":[25],"have":[26],"made":[27],"energy":[29],"storage":[30],"systems":[31],"(BESS)":[32],"more":[33],"economically":[34],"viable":[35],"than":[36],"ever":[37],"before,":[38],"which":[39],"makes":[40],"them":[41],"suitable":[42],"for":[43,57,91,105],"grid-scale":[45],"applications.":[46],"By":[47],"providing":[48],"grid":[49,103],"support,":[50],"BESS":[52,66,97],"can":[53,67],"serve":[54],"enablers":[56],"higher":[58],"penetrations":[59],"renewables":[61],"at":[62],"the":[63,80,113,127,133,138,150,153,160],"DN.":[64,143],"Distributed":[65],"also":[68,166],"provide":[69,102,110],"ancillary":[70],"services":[71],"(AS),":[72],"frequency":[75],"regulation":[76],"reserves,":[78],"bulk":[81],"grid.":[83],"This":[84],"article":[85],"proposes":[86],"a":[87,99,106,121],"budget-constrained":[88],"planning":[89,155],"model":[90,164],"optimally":[92],"sizing":[93],"siting":[95],"DN":[100,108,163],"support":[104],"renewable-rich":[107],"AS":[111,134],"electricity":[114],"market.":[115],"proposed":[117,154],"model,":[118],"formulated":[119],"mixed-integer":[122],"linear":[123],"programming":[124],"problem,":[125],"maximizes":[126],"total":[128],"profit":[129],"participating":[131],"markets":[135],"while":[136],"supporting":[137],"operation":[139],"an":[141],"unbalanced":[142,162],"Simulation":[144],"results":[145],"sensitivity":[147],"analyses":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"merits":[151],"model.":[156],"accuracy":[158],"linearized":[161],"is":[165],"validated.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
