{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043575505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","title":"Generalized Contingency Analysis Based on Graph Theory and Line Outage Distribution Factor","display_name":"Generalized Contingency Analysis Based on Graph Theory and Line Outage Distribution Factor","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043575505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","mag":"3043575505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070099849","display_name":"Mohammad Rasoul Narimani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-0254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125956826","display_name":"Arkansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/006pyvd89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125956826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rasoul Narimani","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA","[College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA (e-mail: mnarimani@astate.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-0254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125956826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA (e-mail: mnarimani@astate.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125956826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038128617","display_name":"Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-7441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: hao_huang@tamu.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: hao_huang@tamu.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037030002","display_name":"Amarachi Umunnakwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-7963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amarachi Umunnakwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: amarachi@tamu.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-7963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: amarachi@tamu.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012670041","display_name":"Zeyu Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: zeyumao2@tamu.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-5123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: zeyumao2@tamu.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080366268","display_name":"Abhijeet Sahu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-3758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijeet Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: abhijeet_ntpc@tamu.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-3758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: abhijeet_ntpc@tamu.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059269246","display_name":"Saman Zonouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-4047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096112","display_name":"Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcvgx40","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096112"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123151","display_name":"R\u00fctgers (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmkbh90","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123151"]}],"countries":["DE","NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saman Zonouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University (e-mail: saman.zonouz@rutgers.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-4047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University (e-mail: saman.zonouz@rutgers.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4210096112","https://openalex.org/I4210123151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083500243","display_name":"Kate Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: katedavis@tamu.edu).]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-1122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University (e-mail: katedavis@tamu.edu).]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74364249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"626","last_page":"636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.8969408869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.5892593860626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-theory","display_name":"Graph theory","score":0.5831212997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5729337334632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5585049986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.548160970211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5038866400718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.49729660153388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.47751063108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44443148374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4356600046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4168599545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4108273983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3420959711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.257533997297287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.8969408869743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.5892593860626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.5831212997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5729337334632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5585049986839294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.548160970211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5038866400718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.49729660153388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47751063108444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44443148374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4356600046157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4168599545955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4108273983001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3420959711074829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.257533997297287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3089548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.07009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.07009","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.07009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.07009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:3043575505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.07009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.07009","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07009","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225912725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1916142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4272660921","display_name":"NEW AWARD DE-OE0000895 WITH TEXAS A&M ENGINEERING EXPERIMENT STATION TITLED DEEP CYBER-PHYSICAL SITUATIONAL AWARENESS FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS: A SECURE FOUNDATION FOR NEXT-GENERATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT","funder_award_id":"DEOE0000895","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1909467347","https://openalex.org/W1965424194","https://openalex.org/W1969476534","https://openalex.org/W1972716516","https://openalex.org/W1991830677","https://openalex.org/W1995724150","https://openalex.org/W2014639063","https://openalex.org/W2028932385","https://openalex.org/W2061901927","https://openalex.org/W2071495666","https://openalex.org/W2072173233","https://openalex.org/W2083638266","https://openalex.org/W2089370556","https://openalex.org/W2100352835","https://openalex.org/W2103163223","https://openalex.org/W2111347279","https://openalex.org/W2116509703","https://openalex.org/W2118130602","https://openalex.org/W2119302212","https://openalex.org/W2121237479","https://openalex.org/W2127048268","https://openalex.org/W2134632549","https://openalex.org/W2150763024","https://openalex.org/W2163283662","https://openalex.org/W2165025070","https://openalex.org/W2171137858","https://openalex.org/W2543274172","https://openalex.org/W2602053049","https://openalex.org/W2785828536","https://openalex.org/W2889273189","https://openalex.org/W2906400490","https://openalex.org/W2949699766","https://openalex.org/W3036949873","https://openalex.org/W6649271957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3205828167","https://openalex.org/W3131073640","https://openalex.org/W2066674410","https://openalex.org/W2766493915","https://openalex.org/W3209086525","https://openalex.org/W3111151776","https://openalex.org/W2936025051","https://openalex.org/W2883252055","https://openalex.org/W2375669048","https://openalex.org/W2510152816","https://openalex.org/W1973322455","https://openalex.org/W2378427797","https://openalex.org/W2184808642","https://openalex.org/W2119264349","https://openalex.org/W2565939641","https://openalex.org/W2037948866","https://openalex.org/W3194848435","https://openalex.org/W2780889752","https://openalex.org/W2905759058","https://openalex.org/W3121606388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"the":[1,28,38,43,67,104,111,117,130,135,139,143,156,176],"multiple":[2,114,184],"critical":[3,158],"components":[4,115],"in":[5,116,142,160,188],"power":[6,22,76,119,140,161],"systems":[7,23],"whose":[8,132],"absence":[9],"together":[10],"has":[11,134],"severe":[12],"impact":[13,112,137],"on":[14,103,138],"system":[15,91],"performance":[16],"is":[17,148,166,179],"a":[18,54,99,149],"crucial":[19],"problem":[20,35,44],"for":[21,46,57,154],"known":[24],"as$(N-x)$contingency":[25],"analysis.":[26],"However,":[27],"inherent":[29],"combinatorial":[30],"feature":[31],"of":[32,66,113],"the$N-x$contingency":[33],"analysis":[34],"incurs":[36],"by":[37],"increase":[39],"of$x$in":[40],"the$(N-x)$term,":[41],"making":[42],"intractable":[45],"even":[47],"relatively":[48],"small":[49],"test":[50,170],"systems.":[51],"We":[52],"present":[53],"new":[55],"framework":[56],"identifying":[58,155],"the$N-x$contingencies":[59],"that":[60,109,128,175,186],"captures":[61],"both":[62],"topology":[63],"and":[64,83,93,151,172],"physics":[65],"network.":[68,144],"Graph":[69],"theory":[70],"provides":[71],"many":[72],"ways":[73],"to":[74,89,181],"measure":[75],"grid":[77,120],"graphs,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"buses":[80],"as":[81,85,121,123],"nodes":[82],"lines":[84,131,159],"edges,":[86],"allowing":[87],"researchers":[88],"characterize":[90],"structure":[92],"optimize":[94],"algorithms.":[95],"This":[96],"article":[97],"proposes":[98],"scalable":[100],"approach":[101,147,165,178],"based":[102],"group":[105],"betweenness":[106],"centrality":[107],"concept":[108],"measures":[110],"electric":[118],"well":[122],"line":[124],"outage":[125],"distribution":[126],"factors":[127],"find":[129],"loss":[133],"highest":[136],"flow":[141],"The":[145,163],"proposed":[146,164,177],"quick":[150],"efficient":[152],"solution":[153],"most":[157],"networks.":[162],"validated":[167],"using":[168],"various":[169],"cases,":[171],"results":[173],"show":[174],"able":[180],"quickly":[182],"identify":[183],"contingencies":[185],"result":[187],"violations.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}