{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171078218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","title":"Design of Channel Estimation for Hybrid Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems in the Presence of Beam Squint","display_name":"Design of Channel Estimation for Hybrid Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems in the Presence of Beam Squint","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171078218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","mag":"3171078218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069641777","display_name":"Song Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-7106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-7106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011313652","display_name":"Jaekoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-5487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110273157","display_name":"Kookmin University","ror":"https://ror.org/0049erg63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaekoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-5487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110273157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102781968","display_name":"Heejung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009575286","display_name":"Jiho Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-0080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiho Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-0080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1802,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77933886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"2834","last_page":"2843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7567101120948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonality","display_name":"Orthogonality","score":0.6794591546058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.6176425814628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.586013674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5106001496315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.48861509561538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4847702383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47685396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.4531850516796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.44581887125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-array","display_name":"Planar array","score":0.43974781036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4246361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3901737630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3796323835849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.3545515835285187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30981355905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30972200632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2422422170639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7567101120948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17137986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215067","display_name":"Orthogonality","level":2,"score":0.6794591546058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.6176425814628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.586013674736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5106001496315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.48861509561538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4847702383995056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47685396671295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.4531850516796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.44581887125968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775980084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Planar array","level":2,"score":0.43974781036376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4246361255645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3901737630367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3796323835849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3545515835285187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30981355905532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30972200632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2422422170639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3079924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4652462659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0466","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321363","funder_display_name":"Incheon National University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321363","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546718391","https://openalex.org/W1880269199","https://openalex.org/W1985290376","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2142456386","https://openalex.org/W2149077164","https://openalex.org/W2151674920","https://openalex.org/W2154623602","https://openalex.org/W2158377227","https://openalex.org/W2295341737","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2573137002","https://openalex.org/W2619678842","https://openalex.org/W2782637457","https://openalex.org/W2786740381","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2917655188","https://openalex.org/W2937537662","https://openalex.org/W2946267042","https://openalex.org/W2962703830","https://openalex.org/W2963642922","https://openalex.org/W2982280489","https://openalex.org/W2989758925","https://openalex.org/W4289784446","https://openalex.org/W4312258136","https://openalex.org/W6686481133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3217065475","https://openalex.org/W2942741591","https://openalex.org/W4324142595","https://openalex.org/W2152652001","https://openalex.org/W2002865644","https://openalex.org/W2384273038","https://openalex.org/W2133941371","https://openalex.org/W2761981006","https://openalex.org/W3188336870","https://openalex.org/W4297165367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"channel":[3,59,90,117],"estimation":[4,60,118],"for":[5,115],"millimeter-wave":[6],"massive":[7],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[8],"(MIMO)":[9],"systems":[10],"with":[11,119],"hybrid":[12,120],"beamforming":[13,121],"is":[14,62,109,122],"considered.":[15],"With":[16],"a":[17,23,31,38,57,66,71,105],"large":[18],"number":[19],"of":[20,40,73,100,128],"antenna":[21,28],"elements,":[22],"progressive":[24],"time":[25],"delay":[26,52],"across":[27,53],"elements":[29],"incurs":[30],"change":[32],"in":[33,42,51],"the":[34,49,54,74,89,94,101,126,129],"beam":[35,77],"direction":[36],"as":[37,70],"function":[39,72],"subcarriers":[41],"an":[43],"orthogonal":[44],"frequency-division":[45],"multiplexing":[46],"system.":[47],"Considering":[48],"difference":[50],"entire":[55],"array,":[56],"new":[58],"framework":[61],"proposed":[63,102,130],"by":[64],"using":[65],"maximum":[67],"likelihood":[68],"criterion":[69],"analog":[75],"training":[76],"and":[78,92],"pilot":[79],"subcarrier":[80],"assignment.":[81],"The":[82,111],"resulting":[83],"design":[84,103],"achieves":[85],"asymptotic":[86],"orthogonality":[87],"among":[88],"paths":[91],"minimizes":[93],"mean":[95],"squared":[96],"error.":[97],"An":[98],"extension":[99],"to":[104,124],"uniform":[106],"planar":[107],"array":[108],"discussed.":[110],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[112],"lower":[113],"bound":[114],"joint":[116],"derived":[123],"verify":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"design.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}