{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133774070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","title":"Optimally Allocating Energy Storage for Active Distribution Networks to Reduce the Risk Under N-1 Contingencies","display_name":"Optimally Allocating Energy Storage for Active Distribution Networks to Reduce the Risk Under N-1 Contingencies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133774070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","mag":"3133774070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010781360","display_name":"Tao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7590-0172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chunzhu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-956X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunzhu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-956X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059217582","display_name":"Xiyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-6364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-6364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053299650","display_name":"Haipeng Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9845-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9845-0058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044185120","display_name":"Yufei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-4468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-4468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079847660","display_name":"Can Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-4908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802706902","display_name":"Knoxville College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrp522","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-4908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73792991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"1518","last_page":"1527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.6339970827102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5548344254493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.552026093006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49638038873672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45388537645339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karush\u2013kuhn\u2013tucker-conditions","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","score":0.45148685574531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4488258957862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.44517195224761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4236142635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2739109396934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.2715839743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21620282530784607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.6339970827102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5548344254493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.552026093006134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49638038873672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45388537645339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50454189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2075125","display_name":"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker conditions","level":2,"score":0.45148685574531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4488258957862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.44517195224761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4236142635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2739109396934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.2715839743614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21620282530784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2021.3058349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4103824608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017T100748","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5064154854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020KW-022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G652081930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51977166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486460655","https://openalex.org/W1502876580","https://openalex.org/W1824690553","https://openalex.org/W1981585916","https://openalex.org/W1995201823","https://openalex.org/W2004170288","https://openalex.org/W2004747937","https://openalex.org/W2011885250","https://openalex.org/W2015692669","https://openalex.org/W2019314805","https://openalex.org/W2032417528","https://openalex.org/W2041178557","https://openalex.org/W2056636551","https://openalex.org/W2088944550","https://openalex.org/W2099934654","https://openalex.org/W2104318460","https://openalex.org/W2115826867","https://openalex.org/W2119251303","https://openalex.org/W2128793456","https://openalex.org/W2135020035","https://openalex.org/W2144631242","https://openalex.org/W2144801860","https://openalex.org/W2170864849","https://openalex.org/W2172339876","https://openalex.org/W2255893130","https://openalex.org/W2275756134","https://openalex.org/W2282555138","https://openalex.org/W2314462582","https://openalex.org/W2320701823","https://openalex.org/W2338338790","https://openalex.org/W2340337630","https://openalex.org/W2345611239","https://openalex.org/W2346665839","https://openalex.org/W2417800977","https://openalex.org/W2421432143","https://openalex.org/W2431021797","https://openalex.org/W2513668702","https://openalex.org/W2526767376","https://openalex.org/W2553668731","https://openalex.org/W2559953650","https://openalex.org/W2564811805","https://openalex.org/W2594811287","https://openalex.org/W2609415847","https://openalex.org/W2619424714","https://openalex.org/W2620781324","https://openalex.org/W2748638635","https://openalex.org/W2765229960","https://openalex.org/W6648545454","https://openalex.org/W6726079980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322709579","https://openalex.org/W2920493340","https://openalex.org/W2080478657","https://openalex.org/W2732076076","https://openalex.org/W4286893854","https://openalex.org/W2030722820","https://openalex.org/W2126813526","https://openalex.org/W4381948319","https://openalex.org/W2362635706","https://openalex.org/W2994922825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"distribution":[1,68],"networks,":[2,69],"N-1":[3,34,82],"contingencies":[4,83],"are":[5],"the":[6,14,20,29,33,71,77,85,91,98,120,123],"main":[7],"threats":[8],"to":[9,27,60,75,89],"load":[10,30,92],"loss.":[11],"To":[12],"reduce":[13],"risk":[15,79],"from":[16],"power":[17],"system":[18],"threats,":[19],"energy":[21],"storage":[22],"(ES)":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25],"applied":[26],"mitigate":[28],"loss":[31,93],"after":[32],"contingencies.":[35],"However,":[36],"for":[37,67,94],"a":[38,56,106],"given":[39],"number":[40],"of":[41,45,65,80,122],"ESs,":[42],"different":[43,49],"location":[44],"ESs":[46,66],"may":[47],"have":[48],"mitigation":[50],"results.":[51],"This":[52],"article":[53],"first":[54],"proposes":[55],"bi-level":[57],"optimization":[58],"model":[59,73,87,101,108],"find":[61],"an":[62],"optimal":[63],"allocation":[64],"where":[70],"upper-level":[72],"is":[74,88,102],"minimize":[76],"total":[78],"all":[81],"and":[84],"lower-level":[86],"compute":[90],"each":[95],"contingency.":[96],"Then,":[97],"proposed":[99,124],"bilevel":[100],"equivalently":[103],"transformed":[104],"into":[105],"single-level":[107],"using":[109],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[110],"conditions.":[111],"The":[112],"simulation":[113],"results":[114],"on":[115],"two":[116],"test":[117],"systems":[118],"show":[119],"effectiveness":[121],"model.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
