{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120242442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","title":"Characterization of IEEE 802.11 Communications and Detection of Low-Power Jamming Attacks in Noncontrolled Environment Based on a Clustering Study","display_name":"Characterization of IEEE 802.11 Communications and Detection of Low-Power Jamming Attacks in Noncontrolled Environment Based on a Clustering Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120242442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","mag":"3120242442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03264535v1/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058615533","display_name":"Jonathan Villain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Villain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-7588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062702459","display_name":"Virginie Deniau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Virginie Deniau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091877646","display_name":"Christophe Gransart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-8654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Gransart","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, COSYS-LEOST, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032829313","display_name":"Anthony Fleury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-3181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205703379","display_name":"Institut Mines-T\u00e9l\u00e9com","ror":"https://ror.org/025vp2923","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133642","display_name":"IMT Nord Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/042rh9p26","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Fleury","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, University Lille, Center for Digital Systems, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-3181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, University Lille, Center for Digital Systems, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210133642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030974521","display_name":"Eric Pierre Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-3121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Pierre Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEMN lab., TELICE group, University of Lille, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-3121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN lab., TELICE group, University of Lille, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0945,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77526733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"683","last_page":"692"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7739460468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.7636003494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7408644556999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5748467445373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4585312604904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44398200511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.44279909133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4395589232444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4301721453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33080995082855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2613309621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1661616563796997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7739460468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.7636003494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7408644556999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5748467445373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4585312604904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44398200511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.44279909133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4395589232444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4301721453666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33080995082855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2613309621810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1661616563796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3045365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03264535v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03264535","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03264535v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal, 2022, 16 (1), pp 683 - 692. ⟨10.1109/JSYST.2020.3045365⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lilloa.univ-lille.fr:20.500.12210/43592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12210/43592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402203","display_name":"LillOA (Universit\u00e9 de Lille (University Of Lille))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123514","host_organization_name":"Centre d'Etudes en Civilisations, Langues et Litt\u00e9ratures Etrang\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03264535v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03264535","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03264535v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal, 2022, 16 (1), pp 683 - 692. ⟨10.1109/JSYST.2020.3045365⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120242442.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120242442.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132804191","https://openalex.org/W1578853022","https://openalex.org/W2048092462","https://openalex.org/W2067885219","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2124280970","https://openalex.org/W2144358080","https://openalex.org/W2158585626","https://openalex.org/W2317721011","https://openalex.org/W2608762652","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2921044312","https://openalex.org/W2967111403","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3006841863","https://openalex.org/W3032266608","https://openalex.org/W3039445882","https://openalex.org/W3098133185","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4230674625","https://openalex.org/W4298410066","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6605423349","https://openalex.org/W6676769703","https://openalex.org/W6678914141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W4312547492","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W3200375535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"connections":[1],"are":[2,165,188],"more":[3,5,119],"and":[4,10,60,171,194,242],"used":[6,189,250],"in":[7,11,27,131,145,167,214,218,227],"different":[8,42,240],"applications":[9],"public":[12],"areas":[13],"for":[14,20,31],"services":[15],"to":[16,40,54,69,72,90,136,153,179,190,196,199,229,243,251],"consumers":[17],"but":[18],"also":[19,166],"handling":[21],"(sometimes)":[22],"sensitive":[23],"communications":[24],"(for":[25],"instance,":[26],"railway":[28],"systems":[29,37],"or":[30,110,204],"remote":[32],"video":[33],"monitoring":[34],"systems).":[35],"Such":[36],"can":[38,64,248],"have":[39,127],"face":[41],"kind":[43],"of":[44,83,159,210,234,238],"attacks":[45,62,95,106],"that":[46,63],"target":[47],"the":[48,92,97,132,157,160,168,176,200,211,235,239,245],"behind":[49],"service.":[50],"Our":[51],"article":[52],"aims":[53],"detect,":[55],"as":[56,58,184],"soon":[57],"possible":[59,152],"online,":[61],"occur":[65],"on":[66,87,103,114],"wireless":[67],"networks,":[68],"be":[70,249],"able":[71,135],"react":[73],"very":[74],"quickly.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"article,":[78],"we":[79],"present":[80],"some":[81,192],"results":[82],"data":[84],"analysis":[85,209],"methods,":[86],"Wi-Fi":[88,115,163],"signals,":[89],"differentiate":[91],"ones":[93,98],"with":[94,107],"from":[96],"without.":[99],"This":[100,117,224],"study":[101],"focuses":[102],"low-power":[104],"jamming":[105,124],"a":[108,138,142,146,215,253],"slight":[109],"even":[111],"no":[112],"impact":[113],"communications.":[116],"is":[118,141,221,225,232],"challenging":[120],"than":[121],"detecting":[122],"high-power":[123],"attacks,":[125],"which":[126,247],"already":[128],"been":[129],"addressed":[130],"literature.":[133],"Being":[134],"detect":[137],"low-impact":[139],"attack":[140,255],"crucial":[143],"issue":[144],"global":[147],"security":[148],"strategy,":[149],"making":[150,175],"it":[151],"launch":[154],"countermeasures":[155],"before":[156],"interruption":[158],"communication.":[161],"The":[162],"bands":[164],"Industrial,":[169],"Scientific":[170],"Medical":[172],"(ISM)":[173],"frequencies,":[174],"environment":[177],"complicated":[178],"analyze.":[180],"Clustering":[181],"methods":[182],"such":[183],"agglomerative":[185],"hierarchical":[186],"clustering":[187,236],"identify":[191],"clusters":[193,212],"then":[195],"map":[197],"them":[198],"real":[201],"classes":[202],"(with":[203],"without":[205],"attacks).":[206],"A":[207],"deep":[208],"obtained":[213],"dataset":[216],"acquired":[217],"uncontrolled":[219],"conditions":[220],"carried":[222],"out.":[223],"done":[226],"order":[228],"understand":[230],"what":[231],"responsible":[233],"assignment":[237],"points":[241],"extract":[244],"clusters,":[246],"design":[252],"detection":[254],"strategy.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}