{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3126937607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","title":"Reliability-Based Optimal Bidding Strategy of a Technical Virtual Power Plant","display_name":"Reliability-Based Optimal Bidding Strategy of a Technical Virtual Power Plant","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3126937607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","mag":"3126937607"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024737278","display_name":"Niloofar Pourghaderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niloofar Pourghaderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-0974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038158100","display_name":"Mahmud Fotuhi\u2010Firuzabad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102990307","display_name":"Milad Kabirifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8151-8199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Kabirifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-8479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005646619","display_name":"Moein Moeini\u2010Aghtaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-6807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moein Moeini-Aghtaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-6807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057152540","display_name":"Matti Lehtonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Lehtonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455868","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-9726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024737278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.905029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"1080","last_page":"1091"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.7494285106658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.7259006500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.6879494190216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6748015880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5645716190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.5475278496742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-market","display_name":"Energy market","score":0.5380415916442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5292021036148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.5140808820724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5068398118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4871089458465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.42939502000808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.41765159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4123556613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.38970258831977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.3662877678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3629456162452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.34893885254859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2573627829551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.24393624067306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.21081262826919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16408342123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1382962167263031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.7494285106658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.7259006500244141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.6879494190216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6748015880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5645716190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.5475278496742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776849302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239166","display_name":"Energy market","level":3,"score":0.5380415916442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5292021036148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.5140808820724487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5068398118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4871089458465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.42939502000808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.41765159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4123556613922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.38970258831977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.3662877678871155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3629456162452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.34893885254859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2573627829551697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24393624067306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21081262826919556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16408342123031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1382962167263031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3044842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1605725714","https://openalex.org/W1964469132","https://openalex.org/W1999871615","https://openalex.org/W2016380852","https://openalex.org/W2068794598","https://openalex.org/W2072476502","https://openalex.org/W2092050925","https://openalex.org/W2122072670","https://openalex.org/W2134059179","https://openalex.org/W2165046071","https://openalex.org/W2171596692","https://openalex.org/W2295959615","https://openalex.org/W2310317243","https://openalex.org/W2343206381","https://openalex.org/W2546863922","https://openalex.org/W2739038049","https://openalex.org/W2801639032","https://openalex.org/W2804716623","https://openalex.org/W2898321196","https://openalex.org/W2954650984","https://openalex.org/W2966129864","https://openalex.org/W2974890233","https://openalex.org/W3025406132","https://openalex.org/W4237605598","https://openalex.org/W4293860495","https://openalex.org/W6635977154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3117163868","https://openalex.org/W2086520329","https://openalex.org/W4323025954","https://openalex.org/W2971892175","https://openalex.org/W2545567298","https://openalex.org/W3131632314","https://openalex.org/W2546569573","https://openalex.org/W4367318575","https://openalex.org/W2906004850","https://openalex.org/W3211064698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technical":[0],"virtual":[1],"power":[2,71],"plant":[3],"(TVPP)":[4],"aggregates":[5],"distributed":[6],"energy":[7,56],"resources":[8],"in":[9,13,54,79,99],"order":[10],"to":[11,28,38,87,133,152],"trade":[12],"wholesale":[14],"electricity":[15],"market":[16,80,117],"while":[17,81],"taking":[18],"operational":[19],"constraints":[20],"of":[21,42,51,70,156],"network":[22,44,109],"into":[23,45],"account":[24],"and":[25,72,111,125],"offering":[26],"services":[27],"distribution":[29,43],"system":[30,151],"operator.":[31],"This":[32],"article":[33],"presents":[34],"a":[35,52,95,134],"new":[36],"framework":[37,143],"incorporate":[39],"the":[40,47,59,62,65,83,101,105,112,116,129,147,154,157],"reliability":[41,110],"designing":[46],"optimal":[48],"bidding":[49],"strategy":[50],"TVPP":[53,63],"day-ahead":[55],"market.":[57],"In":[58],"proposed":[60,142],"framework,":[61],"determines":[64],"multisteps":[66],"biddings":[67],"as":[68,94],"pairs":[69],"price":[73],"aiming":[74],"at":[75],"maximizing":[76],"its":[77],"profit":[78,107],"minimizing":[82],"outage":[84],"costs":[85],"due":[86],"contingency":[88],"occurrences.":[89],"The":[90,141],"model":[91,130],"is":[92,131,144],"formulated":[93],"bilevel":[96],"optimization":[97,139],"problem":[98],"which":[100],"upper":[102],"level":[103,114],"maximizes":[104],"TVPP's":[106],"regarding":[108],"lower":[113],"clears":[115],"from":[118],"ISO's":[119],"viewpoint.":[120],"Using":[121],"Karush\u2013Kuhn\u2013Tucker":[122],"optimality":[123],"conditions":[124],"strong":[126],"duality":[127],"theory,":[128],"converted":[132],"mixed":[135],"integer":[136],"linear":[137],"programming":[138],"problem.":[140],"implemented":[145],"on":[146],"Roy":[148],"Billinton":[149],"test":[150],"illustrate":[153],"effectiveness":[155],"model.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
