{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127305823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","title":"UAV-Assisted Wireless Localization for Search and Rescue","display_name":"UAV-Assisted Wireless Localization for Search and Rescue","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127305823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","mag":"3127305823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084348749","display_name":"Muhammad Atif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-3165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Atif","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-3165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046107005","display_name":"Rizwan Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-7895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719446","display_name":"Waqas Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-1531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134276161","display_name":"Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4mbk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134276161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waqas Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134276161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061568038","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076776322","display_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-3800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3121799822","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/00kwnx126","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-3800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Piau\u00ed (UFPI), Teresina, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3121799822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":109.9087,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99953577,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"3261","last_page":"3272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.8426031470298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7203204035758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-traversal","display_name":"Graph traversal","score":0.662927508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-and-rescue","display_name":"Search and rescue","score":0.6296133995056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6166279315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6139293909072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4827953577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.4650142788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44058656692504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43251463770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.41572698950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3720207214355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32191717624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3021984100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20841124653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19910204410552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18453574180603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.0933157205581665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.8426031470298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7203204035758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96333769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907955","display_name":"Graph traversal","level":3,"score":0.662927508354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775935494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741964","display_name":"Search and rescue","level":3,"score":0.6296133995056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6166279315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6139293909072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4827953577041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.4650142788887024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44058656692504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43251463770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41572698950767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3720207214355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32191717624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3021984100341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20841124653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19910204410552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18453574180603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0933157205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3041573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W358196723","https://openalex.org/W1503820821","https://openalex.org/W1841025424","https://openalex.org/W1987271685","https://openalex.org/W1992912960","https://openalex.org/W2033300769","https://openalex.org/W2039749846","https://openalex.org/W2049878204","https://openalex.org/W2058202147","https://openalex.org/W2065818036","https://openalex.org/W2074262255","https://openalex.org/W2077944048","https://openalex.org/W2091283109","https://openalex.org/W2122690814","https://openalex.org/W2133710940","https://openalex.org/W2149922723","https://openalex.org/W2152701363","https://openalex.org/W2159297420","https://openalex.org/W2161249924","https://openalex.org/W2169126686","https://openalex.org/W2242479605","https://openalex.org/W2339403638","https://openalex.org/W2405952313","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2486522403","https://openalex.org/W2506424319","https://openalex.org/W2547685576","https://openalex.org/W2550686015","https://openalex.org/W2557164510","https://openalex.org/W2614009524","https://openalex.org/W2657365239","https://openalex.org/W2804346170","https://openalex.org/W2909252615","https://openalex.org/W2909925769","https://openalex.org/W2914275007","https://openalex.org/W2922340285","https://openalex.org/W2935586441","https://openalex.org/W2952931731","https://openalex.org/W2957703721","https://openalex.org/W2964209416","https://openalex.org/W2978084563","https://openalex.org/W2989741969","https://openalex.org/W2989922236","https://openalex.org/W2999032021","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3021198625","https://openalex.org/W3098133185","https://openalex.org/W4238608674","https://openalex.org/W4242010931","https://openalex.org/W4256624975","https://openalex.org/W6678372795","https://openalex.org/W6987221245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2200188075","https://openalex.org/W4230405657","https://openalex.org/W4254594467","https://openalex.org/W4252596799","https://openalex.org/W244044452","https://openalex.org/W2552915643","https://openalex.org/W3213135344","https://openalex.org/W3183956626","https://openalex.org/W170547082","https://openalex.org/W2136735429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,41,73,86,90,93,102,116,133,147,157,164,172,181,193,202,217,223,236,244],"aftermath":[2],"of":[3,6,48,89,95,106,118,135,149,159,184,216,234],"disasters,":[4],"localization":[5,22],"trapped":[7],"victims":[8],"is":[9,152,177,210],"imperative":[10],"to":[11,62,212,222,247],"ensure":[12],"their":[13,142],"safety":[14],"and":[15,23,92,122,168,197,231],"rescue.":[16],"This":[17],"article":[18],"presents":[19],"a":[20,78,113,126,227],"novel":[21],"path":[24,196],"planning":[25],"approach":[26,83,109,141],"that":[27,43,84,179],"uses":[28],"unmanned":[29],"aerial":[30],"vehicles":[31],"(UAVs).":[32],"The":[33,57,98,207],"UAVs":[34],"can":[35,242],"extract":[36],"one-hop":[37,58],"neighbor":[38,59],"information":[39,60],"from":[40],"devices":[42],"may":[44,66,68],"have":[45],"run":[46],"out":[47],"power":[49,54],"by":[50],"using":[51,163],"directed":[52],"wireless":[53],"transfer":[55],"(WPT).":[56],"corresponds":[61],"range":[63,161],"measurements,":[64,162],"which":[65],"or":[67],"not":[69],"contain":[70],"noise.":[71],"For":[72,112,156,226],"noiseless":[74,114],"case,":[75,115],"we":[76,190],"present":[77],"customized":[79],"online":[80],"graph":[81,169],"traversal":[82,170],"minimizes":[85],"search":[87,176,199,238],"energy":[88,200,239,245],"UAV":[91,119,194,237],"number":[94,134,148,233],"unlocalized":[96],"nodes.":[97],"lower":[99,144],"limits":[100,145],"on":[101],"various":[103],"performance":[104],"aspects":[105],"this":[107,188],"joint":[108],"are":[110],"presented.":[111],"results":[117],"travel":[120],"distance":[121],"cells":[123],"searched":[124,219],"show":[125],"decreasing":[127],"trend":[128],"with":[129,220,240],"an":[130],"increase":[131],"in":[132,201],"maximum":[136,150],"neighbors.":[137],"These":[138],"curves":[139],"approximately":[140],"corresponding":[143],"when":[146],"neighbors":[151],"increased":[153],"beyond":[154],"9.":[155],"case":[158],"noisy":[160],"same":[165],"objective":[166],"function":[167],"algorithm,":[171],"probabilistic":[173,203],"region":[174,204],"for":[175],"determined":[178],"gives":[180],"least":[182],"probability":[183],"flip":[185],"errors.":[186],"To":[187],"end,":[189],"further":[191],"optimize":[192],"flight":[195],"its":[198],"through":[205],"clustering.":[206],"proposed":[208],"method":[209],"able":[211],"achieve":[213],"linear":[214],"scaling":[215],"area":[218],"respect":[221],"noise":[224,229],"level.":[225],"given":[228],"level":[230],"increasing":[232],"nodes,":[235],"clustering":[241],"reduce":[243],"cost":[246],"70%.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
