{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082643806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","title":"An End-to-End Early Warning System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Gas Leakage Detection in Industrial Facilities","display_name":"An End-to-End Early Warning System Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Gas Leakage Detection in Industrial Facilities","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082643806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","mag":"3082643806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061679058","display_name":"Haythem Bany Salameh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-7212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["AE","GB","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haythem Ahmad Bany Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cloud Computing and Applications Research Laboratory, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, U.K","Department of Network and Communications Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cloud Computing and Applications Research Laboratory, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network and Communications Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036066841","display_name":"Mohammad Fozi Dhainat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85507684","display_name":"Yarmouk University","ror":"https://ror.org/004mbaj56","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Fozi Dhainat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85507684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069108646","display_name":"Elhadj Benkhelifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-2664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127165138","display_name":"University of Suffolk","ror":"https://ror.org/01cy0sz82","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elhadj Benkhelifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cloud Computing and Applications Research Laboratory, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, U.K","University of Suffolk, Ipswich, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-2664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cloud Computing and Applications Research Laboratory, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Suffolk, Ipswich, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127165138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92064204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"5135","last_page":"5143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7055243253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5947071313858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5835688710212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5588175058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefied-petroleum-gas","display_name":"Liquefied petroleum gas","score":0.5023930072784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.48758572340011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4801444709300995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46348196268081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.43634337186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.4254007935523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4068896174430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39864030480384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37527352571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35091865062713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11470457911491394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7055243253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5947071313858032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5835688710212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5588175058364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1787132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351609","display_name":"Liquefied petroleum gas","level":2,"score":0.5023930072784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.48758572340011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4801444709300995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46348196268081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.43634337186813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4254007935523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4068896174430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39864030480384827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37527352571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35091865062713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11470457911491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3015710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:6533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048781880","https://openalex.org/W2054200087","https://openalex.org/W2067036296","https://openalex.org/W2069252125","https://openalex.org/W2070719319","https://openalex.org/W2092772327","https://openalex.org/W2094409515","https://openalex.org/W2099811111","https://openalex.org/W2100607936","https://openalex.org/W2112654595","https://openalex.org/W2161789484","https://openalex.org/W2181329133","https://openalex.org/W2471536796","https://openalex.org/W2517764806","https://openalex.org/W2566954103","https://openalex.org/W2592089718","https://openalex.org/W2781085299","https://openalex.org/W2794272285","https://openalex.org/W2808250833","https://openalex.org/W2884653453","https://openalex.org/W2914692474","https://openalex.org/W2943931358","https://openalex.org/W2945529479","https://openalex.org/W2963504908","https://openalex.org/W2965681734","https://openalex.org/W2988155365","https://openalex.org/W3014516637","https://openalex.org/W3017203682","https://openalex.org/W4205091322","https://openalex.org/W6683575853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318052120","https://openalex.org/W4300651361","https://openalex.org/W4313134247","https://openalex.org/W4312252993","https://openalex.org/W2891142695","https://openalex.org/W2371646655","https://openalex.org/W4205101778","https://openalex.org/W2514922536","https://openalex.org/W4236962987","https://openalex.org/W4319337757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"liquefied":[1],"petroleum":[2],"gas":[3,35,205,213],"(LPG)":[4],"detection":[5,37],"systems":[6],"are":[7,160],"ad":[8],"hoc":[9],"and":[10,30,38,49,70,80,96,101,124,150,175,180,210],"designed":[11],"as":[12,189,191],"stand-alone":[13],"nodes.":[14],"This":[15],"article,":[16],"however,":[17],"presents":[18],"an":[19,129],"integrated":[20],"end-to-end":[21],"wireless":[22,108],"sensor":[23],"network":[24,55,59,81],"(WSN)":[25],"system":[26,65,89,147,170,201],"that":[27,58,98,133,198],"integrates":[28],"hardware":[29],"software":[31],"for":[32,90],"early":[33],"warning":[34],"leakage":[36,206],"monitoring":[39,112],"applications,":[40],"fully":[41],"utilizing":[42],"the":[43,54,75,103,111,116,135,142,157,164,168,199],"Internet":[44],"of":[45,167,173],"Things":[46],"(IoT)":[47],"functionalities":[48],"capabilities":[50],"in":[51,68,93,141,171],"WSNs":[52],"at":[53],"level":[56],"such":[57],"performance":[60,182],"is":[61,148,183],"improved.":[62],"The":[63,144,153,193],"proposed":[64,145,200],"can":[66,202],"operate":[67],"single-":[69],"multihop":[71],"modes":[72],"depending":[73],"on":[74],"surrounding":[76],"radio":[77],"frequency":[78],"environment":[79],"topology.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"we":[84,127],"design":[85],"a":[86,107,121],"per-deployed":[87],"WSN":[88,146],"LPG":[91],"detection/monitoring":[92],"residential":[94],"areas":[95],"factories":[97],"collects,":[99],"analyzes,":[100],"forwards":[102],"collected":[104],"information":[105],"over":[106],"channel":[109],"to":[110,114,162],"center":[113],"take":[115],"appropriate":[117],"action.":[118],"To":[119],"achieve":[120],"reliable":[122,165,181],"communication":[123,131],"data":[125,136,154,176],"delivery,":[126],"implement":[128],"efficient":[130],"protocol":[132],"organizes":[134],"exchange":[137],"between":[138],"different":[139],"nodes":[140],"network.":[143],"deployed":[149],"experimentally":[151],"tested.":[152],"acquired":[155],"from":[156],"various":[158],"experiments":[159],"used":[161],"examine":[163],"operation":[166],"implemented":[169],"terms":[172],"robustness":[174],"delivery":[177],"reliability.":[178],"Robust":[179],"demonstrated":[184],"with":[185,216],"packet":[186],"loss":[187],"rate":[188],"low":[190],"5%.":[192],"experimental":[194],"results":[195],"also":[196],"indicate":[197],"promptly":[203],"detect":[204],"within":[207],"50":[208],"ms":[209],"provide":[211],"accurate":[212],"concentration":[214],"measurements":[215],"97%":[217],"accuracy.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}