{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3077930348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","title":"A Framework for Modeling and Structural Vulnerability Analysis of Spatial Cyber-Physical Power Systems From an Attack\u2013Defense Perspective","display_name":"A Framework for Modeling and Structural Vulnerability Analysis of Spatial Cyber-Physical Power Systems From an Attack\u2013Defense Perspective","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3077930348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","mag":"3077930348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011995392","display_name":"Zhengcheng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0497-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengcheng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013745575","display_name":"Meng Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-7064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029955504","display_name":"Li Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.658,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89742489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1369","last_page":"1380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6866856813430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-failure","display_name":"Cascading failure","score":0.6676514744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6491586565971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5830744504928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.5757223963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5145903825759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46069571375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.44540444016456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4327506124973297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.415030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-resilience","display_name":"Psychological resilience","score":0.11790823936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09400531649589539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6866856813430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119323957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048226","display_name":"Cascading failure","level":4,"score":0.6676514744758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6491586565971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5830744504928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.5757223963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5145903825759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46069571375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.44540444016456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4327506124973297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.415030837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.11790823936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09400531649589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3013959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1376481044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51807143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1976396341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3202964632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51707135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3936612862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042019kf1014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5368519146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M612499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5969875350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018T110797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326161","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326161","display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607148962","https://openalex.org/W1968164782","https://openalex.org/W2003089090","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2013240518","https://openalex.org/W2051054517","https://openalex.org/W2086981207","https://openalex.org/W2106180925","https://openalex.org/W2106569518","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2137007447","https://openalex.org/W2199142512","https://openalex.org/W2319367234","https://openalex.org/W2324861975","https://openalex.org/W2326620087","https://openalex.org/W2343473715","https://openalex.org/W2407786575","https://openalex.org/W2437511496","https://openalex.org/W2517303124","https://openalex.org/W2550453031","https://openalex.org/W2573498184","https://openalex.org/W2599629326","https://openalex.org/W2612796499","https://openalex.org/W2613358715","https://openalex.org/W2616862267","https://openalex.org/W2617631619","https://openalex.org/W2763982154","https://openalex.org/W2773360818","https://openalex.org/W2885017718","https://openalex.org/W2895779399","https://openalex.org/W2900015917","https://openalex.org/W2906750915","https://openalex.org/W2928951073","https://openalex.org/W2962802217","https://openalex.org/W3142476740","https://openalex.org/W3167824334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1883246888","https://openalex.org/W2370114625","https://openalex.org/W1756374135","https://openalex.org/W2062873522","https://openalex.org/W2947584067","https://openalex.org/W2280562859","https://openalex.org/W230721595","https://openalex.org/W3157230915","https://openalex.org/W1496728123","https://openalex.org/W2789975780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,38,49,188],"framework":[4],"for":[5,44,63,190],"modeling":[6],"and":[7,58,66,75,97,119,135,140,152,172,195],"analysis":[8,20],"of":[9,21,92],"spatial":[10,30,45,50,197],"cyber-physical":[11],"power":[12,46,57,65,85,129],"systems":[13,60],"(CPPSs).":[14],"Previous":[15],"studies":[16],"on":[17,25,81,179],"structural":[18,71],"vulnerability":[19,72],"CPPS":[22,51],"mainly":[23],"focused":[24],"network":[26],"topology":[27],"without":[28],"any":[29],"information.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33],"article,":[34],"we":[35,142],"first":[36],"propose":[37],"hierarchical":[39],"information":[40,59,67],"system":[41,130],"evolution":[42],"model":[43,52,194],"grids.":[47],"Then,":[48],"is":[53,78,101],"established":[54],"by":[55,114],"combining":[56],"that":[61,169],"accounts":[62],"overlapped":[64],"lines.":[68],"Finally,":[69],"the":[70,98,102,115,161,164,180],"under":[73],"global":[74,88],"localized":[76,107],"failures":[77],"investigated":[79],"based":[80],"direct":[82],"current":[83],"(dc)":[84],"flow.":[86],"Under":[87],"failures,":[89,108],"different":[90,121,125],"types":[91],"components":[93],"have":[94],"distinguishing":[95],"effects,":[96],"power-node":[99],"failure":[100,117,122],"most":[103,181],"serious":[104],"case.":[105],"For":[106,148],"key":[109],"zones":[110],"can":[111,156],"be":[112],"identified":[113],"cascading":[116],"scale,":[118],"similarly,":[120],"modes":[123],"affect":[124],"areas.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"considering":[128],"scenarios":[131],"with":[132,137],"only":[133],"defenders":[134,173],"those":[136],"both":[138,170],"attackers":[139,171],"defenders,":[141,149],"investigate":[143],"two":[144],"resource":[145],"allocation":[146,155],"situations.":[147],"increased":[150],"resources":[151,178],"appropriately":[153],"dispersed":[154],"work":[157],"effectively.":[158],"However,":[159],"in":[160],"attack-defense":[162],"scenario,":[163],"perfect":[165],"subgame":[166],"equilibrium":[167],"suggests":[168],"must":[174],"concentrate":[175],"all":[176],"their":[177],"vulnerable":[182],"zone.":[183],"These":[184],"findings":[185],"may":[186],"establish":[187],"foundation":[189],"future":[191],"efforts":[192],"to":[193],"protect":[196],"CPPSs.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}