{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046031979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","title":"A Privacy-Preserving Charging Scheme for Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain and Fog Computing","display_name":"A Privacy-Preserving Charging Scheme for Electric Vehicles Using Blockchain and Fog Computing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046031979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","mag":"3046031979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115589139","display_name":"Hongzhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9962-6814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongzhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112392316","display_name":"Dezhi Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96733725","display_name":"Shanghai Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z7qrj66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021069959","display_name":"Mingdong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-2955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186272606","display_name":"Guangdong University of Foreign Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/00fhc9y79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingdong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186272606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115589139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96733725"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4319,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97373587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"3189","last_page":"3200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8225345015525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.730663537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6897894740104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5058133602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4903154671192169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4873135983943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.4153513014316559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4139212965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4106540381908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.41042855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3507789969444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1276339292526245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8225345015525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.730663537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6897894740104675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5058133602142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4903154671192169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4873135983943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.4153513014316559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4139212965965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4106540381908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.41042855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3507789969444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1276339292526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3009447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1926090661","https://openalex.org/W2115594466","https://openalex.org/W2293624543","https://openalex.org/W2336603544","https://openalex.org/W2344311391","https://openalex.org/W2527678568","https://openalex.org/W2587108042","https://openalex.org/W2593657034","https://openalex.org/W2626046334","https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2763925543","https://openalex.org/W2794925686","https://openalex.org/W2796934112","https://openalex.org/W2801576183","https://openalex.org/W2803109435","https://openalex.org/W2809058834","https://openalex.org/W2889275267","https://openalex.org/W2900230206","https://openalex.org/W2901922760","https://openalex.org/W2906635585","https://openalex.org/W2915384011","https://openalex.org/W2919530665","https://openalex.org/W2924000030","https://openalex.org/W2945437340","https://openalex.org/W2945919750","https://openalex.org/W2949652322","https://openalex.org/W2963213850","https://openalex.org/W2973037684","https://openalex.org/W2985767887","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W6697494233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019484008","https://openalex.org/W2391167130","https://openalex.org/W3037996492","https://openalex.org/W1522862521","https://openalex.org/W2092071486","https://openalex.org/W4283067488","https://openalex.org/W3114501693","https://openalex.org/W2534953202","https://openalex.org/W3173092830","https://openalex.org/W2792071139"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"distributed":[1,161],"charging":[2,31,88,99,185],"system":[3,89,156],"based":[4,107],"on":[5,82,108,159],"the":[6,16,35,42,56,62,83,87,160,179,184,196,199],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,21,58,86,135,181,198],"Things":[9],"can":[10,187],"provide":[11,121,143],"important":[12],"supports":[13],"to":[14,28,69,74,120,142],"ensure":[15],"safe":[17],"and":[18,97,110,166,176,193],"sustainable":[19],"operation":[20],"electric":[22],"vehicles":[23],"(EVs).":[24],"Usually,":[25],"drivers":[26],"prefer":[27],"use":[29],"local":[30,122],"piles":[32],"by":[33],"querying":[34],"remote":[36],"cloud":[37,43],"server.":[38],"Frequent":[39],"communication":[40,51],"with":[41,124],"server":[44],"will":[45],"not":[46],"only":[47],"produce":[48],"an":[49],"unnecessary":[50],"overhead":[52],"but":[53],"also":[54],"increase":[55],"latency":[57],"response.":[59],"More":[60],"seriously,":[61],"cloud-based":[63],"centralized":[64],"management":[65],"mode":[66],"is":[67,103,106,118,133,140,152,157],"vulnerable":[68],"cyber-attacks,":[70],"which":[71,105,132],"usually":[72],"leads":[73],"privacy":[75,84,182],"leakage.":[76],"However,":[77],"previous":[78],"studies":[79],"seldom":[80],"focus":[81],"issue":[85],"for":[90,101],"EVs.":[91],"In":[92,113],"this":[93,114],"article,":[94],"a":[95,128,147,164],"decentralized":[96,165],"privacy-preserving":[98],"scheme":[100],"EVs":[102],"proposed,":[104],"blockchain":[109,150,155],"fog":[111,116,129,136],"computing.":[112],"scheme,":[115],"computing":[117,123,130,137],"introduced":[119],"low":[125],"latency.":[126],"Specifically,":[127],"network,":[131],"composed":[134],"nodes":[138],"(FCNs),":[139],"used":[141],"localized":[144],"services.":[145],"Besides,":[146],"flexible":[148],"consortium":[149],"architecture":[151],"proposed.":[153],"The":[154,190],"deployed":[158],"FCNs,":[162],"providing":[163],"secure":[167],"storage":[168],"environment.":[169],"By":[170],"combining":[171],"mutual":[172],"authentication,":[173],"smart":[174],"contract,":[175],"blockchain-based":[177],"storage,":[178],"security":[180],"in":[183],"process":[186],"be":[188],"ensured.":[189],"theoretical":[191],"analysis":[192],"experiments":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"advantages":[197],"proposed":[200],"scheme.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}