{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039157387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","title":"Dynamic GPS Spoofing Attack Detection, Localization, and Measurement Correction Exploiting PMU and SCADA","display_name":"Dynamic GPS Spoofing Attack Detection, Localization, and Measurement Correction Exploiting PMU and SCADA","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039157387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","mag":"3039157387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072981387","display_name":"Sara Siamak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6193-6158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Siamak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6193-6158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057585023","display_name":"Maryam Dehghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Dehghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power and Control Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power and Control Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060189762","display_name":"Mohsen Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-7563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-7563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97535526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"2531","last_page":"2540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.920745849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.8508085012435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7773059606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6116028428077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5827018618583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.5468900799751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.46417900919914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.44861119985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.41757065057754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.34122076630592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24918413162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23354345560073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22734835743904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10147219896316528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.920745849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.8508085012435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7773059606552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6116028428077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5827018618583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.5468900799751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.46417900919914246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.44861119985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.41757065057754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.34122076630592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24918413162231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23354345560073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22734835743904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10147219896316528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.3001016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208605634","https://openalex.org/W1553156698","https://openalex.org/W1557560302","https://openalex.org/W1613920759","https://openalex.org/W1976347161","https://openalex.org/W1996092706","https://openalex.org/W2000293894","https://openalex.org/W2003219976","https://openalex.org/W2015086338","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W2119740108","https://openalex.org/W2150523335","https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2332912277","https://openalex.org/W2346214124","https://openalex.org/W2528394292","https://openalex.org/W2547406509","https://openalex.org/W2585316664","https://openalex.org/W2586544129","https://openalex.org/W2588687753","https://openalex.org/W2590502510","https://openalex.org/W2592430333","https://openalex.org/W2737288479","https://openalex.org/W2744748663","https://openalex.org/W2746386264","https://openalex.org/W2755027283","https://openalex.org/W2765273006","https://openalex.org/W2781662152","https://openalex.org/W2782070529","https://openalex.org/W2784261621","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2798964590","https://openalex.org/W2806362792","https://openalex.org/W2904289843","https://openalex.org/W2904374567","https://openalex.org/W2970594240","https://openalex.org/W2977733636","https://openalex.org/W3015217941","https://openalex.org/W3098686139","https://openalex.org/W3105197767","https://openalex.org/W6636519668","https://openalex.org/W6733634336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028471916","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W1589114377","https://openalex.org/W2154842468","https://openalex.org/W2536794900","https://openalex.org/W1538400183","https://openalex.org/W2564500233","https://openalex.org/W1995635042","https://openalex.org/W2999493000","https://openalex.org/W2025215636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GPS":[0,57],"receiver":[1],"is":[2,19,98],"the":[3,26,41,76,90,106,120,137],"source":[4],"of":[5,44,79,108,129,132],"synchronization":[6],"in":[7,31,33,56,100,136,153],"phasor":[8],"measurement":[9,84],"unit":[10],"(PMU)":[11],"networks.":[12],"While":[13],"it":[14,18],"guarantees":[15],"time":[16,27,156],"precision,":[17],"vulnerable":[20],"to":[21,89],"cyberattacks,":[22],"which":[23],"may":[24],"modify":[25],"offset":[28],"and":[29,82,110,113,134,157],"results":[30,128,143],"mismatches":[32],"time.":[34],"This":[35,49],"modification":[36],"(GPS":[37],"spoofing":[38,58,95,125,151],"attack)":[39],"changes":[40],"phase":[42,121],"angle":[43],"signals":[45],"measured":[46],"by":[47,124],"PMU.":[48],"article":[50],"deals":[51],"with":[52,105],"three":[53],"important":[54],"challenges":[55],"attack":[59,73,96],"detection;":[60],"first,":[61],"multiattack":[62],"detection":[63,74,138],"while":[64],"there":[65],"are":[66,140,163,167],"probable":[67],"attacks":[68,152,162],"on":[69],"different":[70],"PMUs,":[71],"second,":[72],"considering":[75],"dynamic":[77,103,150],"model":[78],"power":[80],"systems,":[81],"third,":[83],"correction.":[85],"For":[86],"providing":[87],"solution":[88],"abovementioned":[91],"problems,":[92],"an":[93],"anti-GPS":[94],"mechanism":[97],"suggested,":[99],"which,":[101],"a":[102,154],"filter":[104],"help":[107],"PMU":[109],"supervisory":[111],"control":[112],"data":[114,130],"acquisition":[115],"(SCADA)":[116],"systems":[117],"measurements":[118,166],"estimate":[119],"shifts":[122],"caused":[123],"attacks.":[126],"The":[127],"fusion":[131],"PMUs":[133],"SCADA":[135],"method":[139],"shown.":[141],"Numerical":[142],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145],"this":[146],"approach":[147],"can":[148],"detect":[149],"reasonable":[155],"as":[158,160],"soon":[159],"multiple":[161],"detected,":[164],"corrected":[165],"provided.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
