{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021736886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","title":"Markov Game for Securing Wide-Area Damping Control Against False Data Injection Attacks","display_name":"Markov Game for Securing Wide-Area Damping Control Against False Data Injection Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021736886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","mag":"3021736886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682515","display_name":"Shichao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067200420","display_name":"Ilias Zenelis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-9039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Zenelis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767890","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-108X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065415603","display_name":"Xiaozhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-0990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaozhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700136","display_name":"Qingyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0118-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033861436","display_name":"Li Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-1658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8298,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90491966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1356","last_page":"1365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6801836490631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimax","display_name":"Minimax","score":0.6536709666252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6377568244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5589162707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.503147304058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43108266592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.25178462266921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08820286393165588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6801836490631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149728462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751319","display_name":"Minimax","level":2,"score":0.6536709666252136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6377568244934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5589162707328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.503147304058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43108266592025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25178462266921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08820286393165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2985165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2008338640","https://openalex.org/W2010908618","https://openalex.org/W2030264608","https://openalex.org/W2053178985","https://openalex.org/W2057635989","https://openalex.org/W2109044095","https://openalex.org/W2120667236","https://openalex.org/W2123289334","https://openalex.org/W2142071333","https://openalex.org/W2152659895","https://openalex.org/W2156288624","https://openalex.org/W2157496029","https://openalex.org/W2161703852","https://openalex.org/W2312340764","https://openalex.org/W2324627801","https://openalex.org/W2332630870","https://openalex.org/W2490494568","https://openalex.org/W2495086702","https://openalex.org/W2549904988","https://openalex.org/W2620766358","https://openalex.org/W2743967296","https://openalex.org/W2763947500","https://openalex.org/W2769429001","https://openalex.org/W2797025128","https://openalex.org/W2808501600","https://openalex.org/W2888026791","https://openalex.org/W2908704107","https://openalex.org/W2944431213","https://openalex.org/W2969367381","https://openalex.org/W2970224214","https://openalex.org/W2970870864","https://openalex.org/W2971932308","https://openalex.org/W3011854541","https://openalex.org/W3209857134","https://openalex.org/W4232256169","https://openalex.org/W4249329271","https://openalex.org/W4249599063","https://openalex.org/W6636868823","https://openalex.org/W6723136858","https://openalex.org/W6723278172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016058626","https://openalex.org/W2474724840","https://openalex.org/W2963760573","https://openalex.org/W185788778","https://openalex.org/W2379651310","https://openalex.org/W2113019827","https://openalex.org/W1541249122","https://openalex.org/W2413828414","https://openalex.org/W4236062181","https://openalex.org/W2367222340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"wide-area":[1,13,36,59],"communication":[2,56,81],"networks":[3],"facilitate":[4],"the":[5,26,35,51,55,66,85,88,98,102,112,119,126,131,135,140,143,154,164,167,170,178,192,197],"exchange":[6],"of":[7,21,79,87,101,122,130,138],"measurements":[8],"and":[9,34,91,142,157,169],"control":[10,38,60,71],"signals":[11,61,72],"for":[12,166,196],"damping":[14,37],"controllers,":[15],"they":[16],"bring":[17],"in":[18,111,118],"new":[19],"threats":[20],"cyberattacks.":[22],"This":[23],"article":[24],"formulates":[25],"dynamic":[27],"interaction":[28],"between":[29],"an":[30],"intelligent":[31],"spoof":[32,78],"attacker":[33,52,141,168],"(WADC)":[39],"center":[40],"as":[41],"a":[42,187],"zero-sum":[43],"two-player":[44],"Markov":[45,49,184],"game.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,123],"game,":[50],"intelligently":[53],"spoofs":[54],"links":[57,82],"sending":[58],"to":[62,84,93,152,190],"selected":[63],"generators":[64],"while":[65,125],"WADC":[67,89,144,171],"selectively":[68],"encrypts":[69],"transmitted":[70],"with":[73],"limited":[74],"cyberresources.":[75],"The":[76,107,146,182],"successful":[77],"specific":[80],"leads":[83],"degradation":[86,110],"performance":[90,109],"even":[92],"system":[94],"instability":[95],"indicated":[96],"by":[97,176],"real":[99],"part":[100],"targeted":[103],"interarea":[104],"oscillation":[105],"mode.":[106],"potential":[108],"physical":[113],"layer":[114],"is":[115,150],"uniquely":[116],"included":[117],"cost":[120,132],"function":[121,133],"game":[124,185],"other":[127],"two":[128],"parts":[129],"are":[134],"cybersecurity":[136],"investments":[137],"both":[139],"(defender).":[145],"minimax":[147,179],"Q-learning":[148,180],"approach":[149],"used":[151],"obtain":[153],"optimal":[155,193],"defense":[156,194],"attack":[158],"strategies.":[159],"Simulation":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"strategies":[165],"converge":[172],"within":[173],"3000":[174],"iterations":[175],"using":[177],"approach.":[181],"proposed":[183],"provides":[186],"cyberphysical":[188],"framework":[189],"make":[191],"strategy":[195],"WADC.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
