{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017484229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","title":"A Backup Protection Algorithm for Bipolar Line-Commutated Converter HVDC Lines","display_name":"A Backup Protection Algorithm for Bipolar Line-Commutated Converter HVDC Lines","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017484229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","mag":"3017484229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033255170","display_name":"Ahmed Saber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-6402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-6402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033255170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76045751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"1172","last_page":"1178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.8866685032844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6524773836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.5705075263977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.5507258176803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5238404273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.48328283429145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.4385177195072174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4381047487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emtp","display_name":"Emtp","score":0.42756664752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.41002780199050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38711458444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3008655309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.18086427450180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10119205713272095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.8866685032844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6524773836135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.5705075263977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.5507258176803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5238404273986816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48328283429145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.4385177195072174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4381047487258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374837","display_name":"Emtp","level":4,"score":0.42756664752960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.41002780199050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38711458444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3008655309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.18086427450180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10119205713272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2984612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590929132","https://openalex.org/W1965069380","https://openalex.org/W1988116264","https://openalex.org/W1998179401","https://openalex.org/W2004013978","https://openalex.org/W2006942890","https://openalex.org/W2055100571","https://openalex.org/W2059757011","https://openalex.org/W2068427394","https://openalex.org/W2085406746","https://openalex.org/W2094314829","https://openalex.org/W2102480674","https://openalex.org/W2124168238","https://openalex.org/W2243025481","https://openalex.org/W2257269774","https://openalex.org/W2307593276","https://openalex.org/W2314304300","https://openalex.org/W2317685831","https://openalex.org/W2353134880","https://openalex.org/W2394645460","https://openalex.org/W2540403084","https://openalex.org/W2561965484","https://openalex.org/W2562440731","https://openalex.org/W2736835603","https://openalex.org/W2790426735","https://openalex.org/W2790656449","https://openalex.org/W2802535136","https://openalex.org/W4231527547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018175133","https://openalex.org/W2124906373","https://openalex.org/W1487059638","https://openalex.org/W2349410032","https://openalex.org/W2391106504","https://openalex.org/W2222704583","https://openalex.org/W2135690429","https://openalex.org/W2075328848","https://openalex.org/W1964318283","https://openalex.org/W2297985757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4],"backup":[5,75,145],"protection":[6,76,146],"algorithm":[7,27,147],"for":[8,42,115,148],"bipolar":[9],"high":[10],"voltage":[11],"alternative":[12],"current":[13,62],"(HVdc)":[14],"lines":[15],"using":[16,100],"two-end":[17],"synchronized":[18],"sampled":[19,53],"currents.":[20],"Unlike":[21],"traditional":[22],"differential":[23],"protection,":[24],"the":[25,35,40,58,61,67,73,84,94,122,131,139,143],"proposed":[26,74,144],"can":[28,87,97],"be":[29,88,98],"applied":[30],"to":[31,129,160],"detect":[32],"and":[33,57,93,117,155],"recognize":[34],"faulted":[36,95],"poles":[37,96],"directly":[38],"without":[39],"requirements":[41],"long":[43],"time":[44],"delay.":[45],"The":[46,135],"currents":[47],"at":[48,54],"both":[49],"line":[50],"ends":[51],"are":[52,107],"1":[55],"kHz":[56],"noise":[59],"in":[60],"signals":[63],"is":[64,80,127],"removed":[65],"utilizing":[66],"stationary":[68],"wavelet":[69],"transform.":[70],"To":[71],"activate":[72],"algorithm,":[77],"initialization":[78],"unit":[79],"proposed.":[81],"In":[82,120],"addition,":[83,121],"internal":[85,118],"faults":[86,92],"discriminated":[89],"from":[90],"external":[91,116],"recognized":[99],"adaptive":[101],"signed":[102],"correlation":[103],"indices.":[104],"Comprehensive":[105],"studies":[106],"simulated":[108],"on":[109],"PSCAD/EMTDC":[110],"software":[111],"considering":[112],"several":[113,149,156],"cases":[114],"faults.":[119],"frequency":[123],"dependent":[124],"phase":[125],"model":[126],"employed":[128],"simulate":[130],"HVdc":[132],"transmission":[133],"line.":[134],"simulation":[136],"results":[137],"assure":[138],"satisfactory":[140],"performance":[141],"of":[142],"fault":[150,153,157],"locations,":[151],"all":[152],"types,":[154],"resistances":[158],"up":[159],"1000":[161],"\u03a9.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}