{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946816606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","title":"RF Chain Reduction for MIMO Systems: A Hardware Prototype","display_name":"RF Chain Reduction for MIMO Systems: A Hardware Prototype","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946816606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","mag":"2946816606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05315","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074411304","display_name":"Tierui Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768281","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/03pcw1780","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768281"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tierui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-3448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768281"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012405763","display_name":"Nir Shlezinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nir Shlezinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-929X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075111080","display_name":"Shahar Stein Ioushua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-3791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahar Stein Ioushua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8865-3791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042775653","display_name":"Moshe Namer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4799-740X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Namer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030868537","display_name":"Zhijia Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-440X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142078773","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ft6nj33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768281","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/03pcw1780","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768281"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijia Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-440X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142078773","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4391768281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005913897","display_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94682215,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"5296","last_page":"5307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.7708256840705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7634496688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6249955892562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5693214535713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5443626642227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5437281727790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5360385179519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passband","display_name":"Passband","score":0.46065211296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3809710144996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2595374286174774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.18550917506217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17007559537887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.11383628845214844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.7708256840705872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7634496688842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6249955892562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5693214535713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5443626642227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5437281727790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5360385179519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46416853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254758","display_name":"Passband","level":3,"score":0.46065211296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3809710144996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2595374286174774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.18550917506217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17007559537887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.11383628845214844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.05315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05315","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05315","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.sia.cn/:173321/28430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.sia.cn/handle/173321/28430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196984","display_name":"SIA OpenIR (Chinese Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","host_organization_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.05315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.05315","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.05315","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4107925896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0100101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6224556977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0700304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585505277","https://openalex.org/W1520757484","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2015959396","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2051388965","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2107388454","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2112087343","https://openalex.org/W2113157322","https://openalex.org/W2115147171","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2345417877","https://openalex.org/W2609243569","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2757012878","https://openalex.org/W2778971489","https://openalex.org/W2787582007","https://openalex.org/W2790038676","https://openalex.org/W2892588807","https://openalex.org/W2900845709","https://openalex.org/W2942228371","https://openalex.org/W2944484612","https://openalex.org/W2946071064","https://openalex.org/W2956059314","https://openalex.org/W2962720842","https://openalex.org/W2963128433","https://openalex.org/W2963193999","https://openalex.org/W2970349268","https://openalex.org/W3009060018","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4229574485","https://openalex.org/W4255381539","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W6631064309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204547643","https://openalex.org/W1497578837","https://openalex.org/W4293208944","https://openalex.org/W4294892273","https://openalex.org/W2355697382","https://openalex.org/W2157434987","https://openalex.org/W1591311672","https://openalex.org/W1583936055","https://openalex.org/W2182757287","https://openalex.org/W4253176004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1],"(RF)":[2],"chain":[3,126],"circuits":[4,28],"play":[5],"a":[6,37,69,118,132,141,188,192,199,209],"major":[7,38],"role":[8],"in":[9,20,59,66,156,172,191,202],"digital":[10],"receiver":[11,201],"architectures,":[12,58],"allowing":[13],"passband":[14],"communication":[15,44,161],"signals":[16],"to":[17,30,49,55,208],"be":[18,31],"processed":[19],"baseband.":[21],"When":[22],"operating":[23],"at":[24],"high":[25],"frequencies,":[26],"these":[27],"tend":[29],"costly.":[32],"This":[33],"increased":[34,52],"cost":[35,53],"imposes":[36],"limitation":[39],"on":[40,168],"future":[41],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[42],"(MIMO)":[43],"technologies.":[45],"A":[46],"common":[47],"approach":[48],"mitigate":[50],"the":[51,61,74,84,100,151,178,181],"is":[54,64,186,206],"utilize":[56],"hybrid":[57,90],"which":[60,166,203],"received":[62],"signal":[63],"combined":[65],"analog":[67,122,154],"into":[68],"lower":[70],"dimension,":[71],"thus":[72],"reducing":[73],"number":[75],"of":[76,89,131,153],"RF":[77,125,211],"chains.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"article":[81],"we":[82],"study":[83],"design":[85],"and":[86,106],"hardware":[87,119,146],"implementation":[88],"architectures":[91],"via":[92],"minimizing":[93],"channel":[94,169,183],"estimation":[95,170,184],"error.":[96],"We":[97,115],"first":[98],"derive":[99],"optimal":[101],"solution":[102],"for":[103,112,124],"complex-gain":[104],"combiners":[105],"propose":[107],"an":[108],"alternating":[109],"optimization":[110],"algorithm":[111],"phase-shifter":[113],"combiners.":[114],"then":[116],"present":[117],"prototype":[120,129,147],"implementing":[121],"combining":[123,136,155],"reduction.":[127],"The":[128,163],"consists":[130],"specially":[133],"designed":[134],"configurable":[135],"board":[137],"as":[138,140],"well":[139],"dedicated":[142,210],"experimental":[143,164],"setup.":[144],"Our":[145],"allows":[148],"us":[149],"evaluating":[150],"effect":[152],"MIMO":[157,173],"systems":[158],"using":[159,177,198],"actual":[160],"signals.":[162],"study,":[165],"focuses":[167],"accuracy":[171],"channels,":[174],"demonstrates":[175],"that":[176,196],"proposed":[179],"prototype,":[180],"achievable":[182],"performance":[185],"within":[187],"small":[189],"gap":[190],"statistical":[193],"sense":[194],"from":[195],"obtained":[197],"costly":[200],"each":[204],"antenna":[205],"connected":[207],"chain.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
