{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952007323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","title":"Event-Triggered Vulnerable Relay Identification and Supervision to Prevent Zone-3 Mal-Operations","display_name":"Event-Triggered Vulnerable Relay Identification and Supervision to Prevent Zone-3 Mal-Operations","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952007323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","mag":"2952007323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008750797","display_name":"Manas Kumar Jena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-1348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142581","display_name":"General Electric (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dd9ss52","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386","https://openalex.org/I4210142581"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manas Kumar Jena","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric (GE-Power), HTC, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1134-1348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric (GE-Power), HTC, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073634264","display_name":"Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-2889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-2889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78993371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"3368","last_page":"3375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.7808688282966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-relay","display_name":"Protective relay","score":0.6394287347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.6030840873718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5642642378807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5348113775253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4956556558609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49517694115638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4837072491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4738350808620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.45785272121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.4403230845928192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4376446604728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4294265806674957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line","display_name":"Transmission line","score":0.42918336391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.42535579204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3774321973323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34257155656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33901894092559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18808576464653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18492314219474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17519906163215637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7808688282966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2412688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503732","display_name":"Protective relay","level":4,"score":0.6394287347793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.6030840873718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5642642378807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5348113775253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4956556558609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49517694115638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4837072491645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4738350808620453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45785272121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.4403230845928192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4376446604728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4294265806674957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.42918336391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.42535579204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3774321973323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34257155656814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33901894092559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18808576464653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18492314219474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17519906163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2919567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521492382","https://openalex.org/W1602430002","https://openalex.org/W1969534177","https://openalex.org/W1985922082","https://openalex.org/W1986065891","https://openalex.org/W1990619415","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2033225140","https://openalex.org/W2034437871","https://openalex.org/W2049028244","https://openalex.org/W2051675612","https://openalex.org/W2066065420","https://openalex.org/W2087000990","https://openalex.org/W2091823150","https://openalex.org/W2112074291","https://openalex.org/W2112949599","https://openalex.org/W2124102970","https://openalex.org/W2126180700","https://openalex.org/W2149855646","https://openalex.org/W2153516342","https://openalex.org/W2322080315","https://openalex.org/W2342529500","https://openalex.org/W2403838849","https://openalex.org/W2546434917","https://openalex.org/W2609871456","https://openalex.org/W2620985542","https://openalex.org/W4206184777","https://openalex.org/W4239934191","https://openalex.org/W6678875748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973873454","https://openalex.org/W1994640067","https://openalex.org/W3142892065","https://openalex.org/W4308082933","https://openalex.org/W2384133917","https://openalex.org/W2056980334","https://openalex.org/W2673189356","https://openalex.org/W2992202700","https://openalex.org/W4387011889","https://openalex.org/W4252854387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,13,45,73,92,98,149],"the":[2,31,41,46,74,81,90,93,102,132,140,145],"recently":[3],"occurred":[4],"cascaded":[5],"outages":[6],"are":[7,68,105,128],"resulted":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,23,79,130,157],"zone-3":[11,108],"mal-operations":[12],"distance":[14],"relays.":[15],"This":[16,35,85],"paper":[17],"introduces":[18],"some":[19],"new":[20,114],"sensitivity":[21],"factors":[22],"identify":[24],"and":[25,62,123],"monitor":[26],"vulnerable":[27,103],"relays":[28,91,104],"functioning":[29],"in":[30,39,88,96],"power":[32,47,75,94],"transmission":[33,48,150],"network.":[34],"information":[36,86],"will":[37],"help":[38],"enhancing":[40],"back-up":[42,146],"protection":[43,147],"operation":[44,109,148],"system.":[49],"To":[50],"accomplish":[51],"this":[52],"task,":[53],"indices":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56],"line-outage-induced":[57],"relay":[58,64],"margin":[59,65],"shift":[60,66],"factor":[61,67],"generation-outage-induced":[63],"defined.":[69],"An":[70],"offline":[71],"analysis":[72],"system":[76,95],"is":[77,110,153],"made":[78],"calculate":[80],"above":[82],"two":[83],"factors.":[84],"helps":[87],"ranking":[89],"terms":[97],"their":[99,107],"vulnerability.":[100],"Once":[101],"identified,":[106],"supervised":[111],"by":[112],"a":[113],"wide":[115],"area":[116],"information-based":[117],"event":[118],"detection":[119],"logic.":[120],"IEEE":[121,124],"9-bus":[122],"39-bus":[125],"test":[126,136],"systems":[127],"used":[129],"validate":[131],"proposed":[133,141],"scheme.":[134],"The":[135],"results":[137],"indicate":[138],"that":[139],"scheme":[142],"can":[143],"enhance":[144],"network,":[151],"which":[152],"very":[154],"much":[155],"essential":[156],"mitigate":[158],"blackouts.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}