{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2801905465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","title":"LA-MHR: Learning Automata Based Multilevel Heterogeneous Routing for Opportunistic Shared Spectrum Access to Enhance Lifetime of WSN","display_name":"LA-MHR: Learning Automata Based Multilevel Heterogeneous Routing for Opportunistic Shared Spectrum Access to Enhance Lifetime of WSN","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2801905465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","mag":"2801905465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089077811","display_name":"Sudeep Tanwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-4651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165831266","display_name":"Nirma University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qkq7x38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Tanwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-4651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165831266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062160206","display_name":"Sudhanshu Tyagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I252758333","display_name":"Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02msjvh03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I252758333"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhanshu Tyagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I252758333"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deemed to be University, Patiala, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Deemed to be University, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051195514","display_name":"Mohammad S. Obaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad S. Obaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-9657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah II School of Information Technology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97520661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"313","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434167861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.706468939781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6172127723693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5742467045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5672730207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5198702812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-automata","display_name":"Learning automata","score":0.5174623131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4580993950366974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.42645758390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.4116798937320709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conservation","display_name":"Energy conservation","score":0.41060879826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.3432950973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12237688899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11876636743545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10442835092544556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434167861938477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.706468939781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6172127723693848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5742467045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5672730207443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5198702812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.5174623131752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5021078586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4580993950366974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42645758390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.4116798937320709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.41060879826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.3432950973510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12237688899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11876636743545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10442835092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2818618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568925811","https://openalex.org/W1480181950","https://openalex.org/W1493144892","https://openalex.org/W1927990122","https://openalex.org/W1979044357","https://openalex.org/W1990800274","https://openalex.org/W2003902406","https://openalex.org/W2020919367","https://openalex.org/W2042611625","https://openalex.org/W2043557304","https://openalex.org/W2049475540","https://openalex.org/W2051728275","https://openalex.org/W2053475355","https://openalex.org/W2077725184","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2106459665","https://openalex.org/W2164636053","https://openalex.org/W2243281211","https://openalex.org/W2293395985","https://openalex.org/W2496442902","https://openalex.org/W6629575236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W4280609833","https://openalex.org/W2136943174","https://openalex.org/W1973979964","https://openalex.org/W2124961391","https://openalex.org/W2489338148","https://openalex.org/W576785828","https://openalex.org/W4388511637","https://openalex.org/W2074131991","https://openalex.org/W2733919410"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"wireless":[1],"sensor":[2,30],"networks":[3],"(WSNs),":[4],"optimal":[5],"energy":[6,35,47,111,120],"utilization":[7],"is":[8,75,86,103,137],"one":[9],"of":[10,121,135,143,148,158,171],"the":[11,24,90,118,141,156,166],"most":[12],"crucial":[13],"issues":[14],"which":[15],"needs":[16,42],"special":[17],"attention.":[18],"It":[19,108],"has":[20],"been":[21],"observed":[22],"from":[23,110],"existing":[25],"literature":[26],"that":[27,164],"communication":[28,50,99],"among":[29,51,100],"nodes":[31],"(SNs)":[32],"consumes":[33],"more":[34,176],"than":[36,177],"computation.":[37],"Therefore,":[38],"an":[39,71],"efficient":[40],"mechanism":[41],"to":[43,88,94,154,181],"be":[44],"designed":[45],"for":[46,68,77],"conservation":[48],"during":[49],"different":[52,101],"SNs.":[53,149],"To":[54],"address":[55],"these":[56,123],"gaps,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"a":[60],"learning":[61],"automata-based":[62],"multilevel":[63],"heterogeneous":[64],"routing":[65],"(LA-MHR)":[66],"scheme":[67],"WSNs.":[69,115],"LA-MHR,":[72],"S-model-based":[73],"LA":[74],"used":[76,87,104],"cluster":[78],"heads":[79],"(CHs)":[80],"selection.":[81],"A":[82],"base":[83],"station":[84],"(BS)":[85],"allocate":[89],"cognitive":[91],"radio":[92],"spectrum":[93],"selected":[95],"CHs.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"single-hop":[98],"SNs":[102],"as":[105,179,187],"multihop":[106],"communication.":[107],"suffers":[109],"holes":[112],"problem":[113],"in":[114],"Based":[116],"upon":[117],"initial":[119],"SNs,":[122],"are":[124,152,173],"divided":[125],"into":[126],"intermediate,":[127],"advanced,":[128],"super-intermediate,":[129],"and":[130,145,169,191],"super-advanced":[131],"categories.":[132],"The":[133],"performance":[134,157],"LA-MHR":[136,172],"evaluated":[138],"by":[139,175],"varying":[140],"locations":[142],"BS":[144],"heterogeneity":[146],"parameters":[147],"Extensive":[150],"simulations":[151],"performed":[153],"evaluate":[155],"LA-MHR.":[159],"Performance":[160],"evaluation":[161],"results":[162],"show":[163],"both":[165],"network":[167],"lifetime":[168],"stability":[170],"increased":[174],"10%":[178],"compared":[180],"other":[182],"competing":[183],"preexisting":[184],"protocols":[185],"such":[186],"EHE-LEACH,":[188],"E-SEP,":[189],"LA-EEHSC,":[190],"MCR.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}