{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795869109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","title":"Retail Market Equilibrium in Multicarrier Energy Systems: A Game Theoretical Approach","display_name":"Retail Market Equilibrium in Multicarrier Energy Systems: A Game Theoretical Approach","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795869109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","mag":"2795869109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026046265","display_name":"Sepideh Khazeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sepideh Khazeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-5223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014862492","display_name":"Aras Sheikhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4131-1262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aras Sheikhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084276274","display_name":"Mohammad Rayati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-3548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Rayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051774710","display_name":"Soudabeh Soleymani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soudabeh Soleymani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ali Mohammad Ranjbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-3783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mohammad Ranjbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4114-3783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9096921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"738","last_page":"747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.6312260627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5571110248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5508100390434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.521868109703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-market","display_name":"Energy market","score":0.5006263256072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4712303876876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.44674691557884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.4385111629962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-carrier","display_name":"Energy carrier","score":0.4269857704639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42336979508399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4225979447364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41018420457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3638106882572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.19009390473365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.17753762006759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13417860865592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0947166383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0915764570236206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6312260627746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5571110248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5508100390434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.521868109703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776849302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239166","display_name":"Energy market","level":3,"score":0.5006263256072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4712303876876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.44674691557884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.4385111629962921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7453809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568469","display_name":"Energy carrier","level":3,"score":0.4269857704639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42336979508399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4225979447364807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41018420457839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3638106882572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.19009390473365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17753762006759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13417860865592957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0947166383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0915764570236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2018.2812807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322242","display_name":"Iran's National Elites Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05629dh87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W295823344","https://openalex.org/W1170078440","https://openalex.org/W1484615822","https://openalex.org/W1493004180","https://openalex.org/W1873571028","https://openalex.org/W1890570698","https://openalex.org/W1972070994","https://openalex.org/W1975404935","https://openalex.org/W1976883400","https://openalex.org/W1989357193","https://openalex.org/W1989414332","https://openalex.org/W1989697801","https://openalex.org/W1991516702","https://openalex.org/W2001601386","https://openalex.org/W2002196748","https://openalex.org/W2007194755","https://openalex.org/W2007541915","https://openalex.org/W2008458154","https://openalex.org/W2008668719","https://openalex.org/W2010739835","https://openalex.org/W2015345803","https://openalex.org/W2023865237","https://openalex.org/W2033910905","https://openalex.org/W2057810741","https://openalex.org/W2058626062","https://openalex.org/W2060718623","https://openalex.org/W2069074275","https://openalex.org/W2080856707","https://openalex.org/W2081934374","https://openalex.org/W2092368362","https://openalex.org/W2115648533","https://openalex.org/W2118064636","https://openalex.org/W2135042267","https://openalex.org/W2148910210","https://openalex.org/W2155376675","https://openalex.org/W2211515976","https://openalex.org/W2294940326","https://openalex.org/W2314512469","https://openalex.org/W2418228673","https://openalex.org/W2547934986","https://openalex.org/W2735073641","https://openalex.org/W2746745411","https://openalex.org/W2794933703","https://openalex.org/W2992905780","https://openalex.org/W6667898137","https://openalex.org/W6735542438","https://openalex.org/W6742724969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312141693","https://openalex.org/W1536009559","https://openalex.org/W1969185016","https://openalex.org/W2103821767","https://openalex.org/W2111030377","https://openalex.org/W2037619003","https://openalex.org/W3089504951","https://openalex.org/W2035892734","https://openalex.org/W3048954441","https://openalex.org/W4378802250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multicarrier":[0],"energy":[1,33,47,56,63,88,137,168,173,176],"systems":[2],"have":[3],"provided":[4],"the":[5,50,73,82,91,135,145,167,182],"opportunity":[6],"for":[7,61],"users":[8],"who":[9],"are":[10],"experiencing":[11],"only":[12],"must-run":[13],"loads":[14,39],"to":[15,65,72,85,98,108,124,126],"participate":[16],"in":[17,44,90,142,166,181],"demand":[18],"response":[19],"programs":[20],"by":[21,76],"using":[22],"self-generation":[23],"units.":[24],"In":[25,49],"this":[26,54,112],"paper,":[27],"a":[28,45,99,115,155,163],"bilevel":[29],"game":[30],"between":[31],"so-called":[32],"retailers":[34,57,177],"and":[35,148,171],"consumers":[36,70],"with":[37,144],"firm":[38],"(as":[40],"subsystems)":[41],"is":[42,106,122,140,151],"formulated":[43],"multicarrier":[46],"system.":[48,158],"first":[51],"level":[52],"of":[53,134],"game,":[55],"offer":[58],"selling":[59],"prices":[60,75],"different":[62],"carriers":[64],"maximize":[66],"their":[67,78,87],"profit.":[68],"Consequently,":[69],"react":[71],"offered":[74],"managing":[77],"purchasing":[79],"power":[80],"from":[81],"retail":[83],"market":[84],"minimize":[86],"bill":[89],"second":[92],"level.":[93],"The":[94,131,159],"proposed":[95,136,183],"approach":[96,125],"leads":[97],"mixed":[100],"integer":[101],"nonlinear":[102],"programming":[103],"problem":[104],"which":[105],"sophisticated":[107],"solve.":[109],"To":[110],"simplify":[111],"complex":[113],"problem,":[114],"solution":[116],"method":[117],"based":[118],"on":[119],"discretization":[120],"technique":[121],"introduced":[123],"an":[127],"epsilon":[128],"Nash":[129],"point.":[130],"better":[132],"performance":[133],"system":[138],"model":[139],"shown":[141],"comparison":[143],"base":[146],"case":[147],"its":[149],"effectiveness":[150],"validated":[152],"experimentally":[153],"over":[154],"practical":[156],"benchmark":[157],"simulation":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"noticeable":[164],"reduction":[165],"production":[169],"cost":[170],"users'":[172],"bill.":[174],"Moreover,":[175],"gain":[178],"more":[179],"profit":[180],"approach.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}