{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2763230888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","title":"Layered and Real-Valued Negative Selection Algorithm for Fault Detection","display_name":"Layered and Real-Valued Negative Selection Algorithm for Fault Detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2763230888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","mag":"2763230888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072580632","display_name":"Anam Abid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-0452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anam Abid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063730671","display_name":"Muhammad Tahir Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tahir Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077953037","display_name":"Clarence W. de Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5871-639X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clarence W. de Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80936757,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"2960","last_page":"2969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6887134313583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.632326066493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6159215569496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5793774127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5527641773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5374700427055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4652339816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","score":0.42335790395736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36147019267082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34129685163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3255760669708252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6887134313583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.632326066493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6159215569496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5793774127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5527641773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5374700427055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4652339816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.42335790395736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36147019267082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34129685163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3255760669708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2017.2753851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766363466","https://openalex.org/W1831544430","https://openalex.org/W1877810236","https://openalex.org/W1965607176","https://openalex.org/W1999491908","https://openalex.org/W1999704522","https://openalex.org/W2004271588","https://openalex.org/W2012017253","https://openalex.org/W2016657236","https://openalex.org/W2019055402","https://openalex.org/W2026950768","https://openalex.org/W2032718589","https://openalex.org/W2033918639","https://openalex.org/W2038989399","https://openalex.org/W2062534405","https://openalex.org/W2065659275","https://openalex.org/W2072857564","https://openalex.org/W2080913999","https://openalex.org/W2093369143","https://openalex.org/W2099017769","https://openalex.org/W2106296309","https://openalex.org/W2106993676","https://openalex.org/W2117699771","https://openalex.org/W2129624205","https://openalex.org/W2168887982","https://openalex.org/W2317228809","https://openalex.org/W2318970278","https://openalex.org/W2334864650","https://openalex.org/W2408156094","https://openalex.org/W2460144244","https://openalex.org/W2488793338","https://openalex.org/W2529897998","https://openalex.org/W2534254059","https://openalex.org/W2930791673","https://openalex.org/W2992318430","https://openalex.org/W3040711323","https://openalex.org/W6677291830","https://openalex.org/W6780387772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485630101","https://openalex.org/W2498017833","https://openalex.org/W112744582","https://openalex.org/W3033750096","https://openalex.org/W2081245617","https://openalex.org/W2155937949","https://openalex.org/W2412490945","https://openalex.org/W1537221325","https://openalex.org/W1972454084","https://openalex.org/W2361040345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,46],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,7,19,40,70,73,95,103,109,119,122,125,164,168,172,175,180],"challenging":[4],"task":[5],"of":[6,9,39,60,63,85,94,102,111,121,160,174,187],"development":[8],"a":[10,49,137],"generic":[11],"fault":[12,44,64,134],"detection":[13,193,197],"(FD)":[14],"method":[15,58,97,143,177],"is":[16,75,130,144],"addressed.":[17],"While":[18],"past":[20],"FD":[21,57,189],"research":[22],"has":[23],"primarily":[24],"focused":[25],"on":[26,167],"modeling":[27,135],"and":[28,35,43,52,66,83,147,191],"signal-processing":[29],"methods":[30],"that":[31],"are":[32,98],"problem":[33],"specific":[34],"require":[36],"complete":[37],"knowledge":[38,62],"system":[41],"model":[42],"types,":[45],"paper":[47],"presents":[48],"novel":[50],"layered":[51],"real-valued":[53],"negative-selection":[54],"algorithm":[55],"(LRNSA)-based":[56],"independent":[59],"prior":[61],"types":[65,159],"patterns.":[67],"Specifically,":[68],"in":[69,136,185],"training":[71],"phase,":[72],"nonself-space":[74,100],"divided":[76],"into":[77],"different":[78,158],"layers":[79],"for":[80,157],"effective":[81],"generation":[82],"distribution":[84,129],"detectors":[86],"using":[87,132],"normal":[88],"(self)":[89],"data.":[90],"The":[91,141],"major":[92],"accomplishments":[93],"proposed":[96,142,176],"improved":[99],"coverage":[101],"uncovered":[104],"gaps":[105],"(holes),":[106],"followed":[107],"by":[108,149],"formation":[110],"cluster":[112],"detector":[113,128],"with":[114,194],"large":[115],"radius.":[116],"To":[117],"test":[118],"capabilities":[120],"developed":[123],"method,":[124],"generated":[126],"specialized":[127],"studied":[131],"bearing":[133,161],"three-phase":[138],"induction":[139,155],"motor.":[140],"subsequently":[145],"investigated":[146],"validated":[148],"applying":[150],"it":[151],"to":[152,179],"an":[153],"actual":[154],"motor":[156],"faults.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"comparative":[165],"results":[166],"benchmark":[169],"dataset":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"superiority":[173],"compared":[178],"state-of-the-art":[181],"machine":[182],"learning":[183],"algorithms":[184],"terms":[186],"higher":[188],"accuracy":[190],"quick":[192],"reduced":[195],"online":[196],"time.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}