{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563045807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","title":"Planning in Microgrids With Conservation of Voltage Reduction","display_name":"Planning in Microgrids With Conservation of Voltage Reduction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563045807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","mag":"2563045807"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072993151","display_name":"Milad Gheydi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Gheydi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012974149","display_name":"Alireza Nouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-5219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Nouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416928","display_name":"Noradin Ghadimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-3486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161716","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Ardabil","ror":"https://ror.org/058np3c43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210161716"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noradin Ghadimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-3486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161716"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94032469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"2782","last_page":"2790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upgrade","display_name":"Upgrade","score":0.8100471496582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.6828928589820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6142428517341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5674322247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tap-changer","display_name":"Tap changer","score":0.5514569878578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5211646556854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reduction","display_name":"Voltage reduction","score":0.4902222752571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.475498765707016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.46997350454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4638851284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.45412153005599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.453779011964798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.45264485478401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slack-bus","display_name":"Slack bus","score":0.4479213058948517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4238688051700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.4173610210418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-flow-study","display_name":"Power-flow study","score":0.3952980637550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34933871030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.27149778604507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26860591769218445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q920419","display_name":"Upgrade","level":2,"score":0.8100471496582031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.6828928589820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6142428517341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5674322247505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122940293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755966","display_name":"Tap changer","level":4,"score":0.5514569878578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5211646556854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780745134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940751","display_name":"Voltage reduction","level":3,"score":0.4902222752571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.475498765707016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.46997350454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4638851284980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45412153005599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.453779011964798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.45264485478401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115314053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7538399","display_name":"Slack bus","level":5,"score":0.4479213058948517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4238688051700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4173610210418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181361822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556030","display_name":"Power-flow study","level":4,"score":0.3952980637550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34933871030807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27149778604507446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26860591769218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2016.2633512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541429317","https://openalex.org/W1541786028","https://openalex.org/W1841985405","https://openalex.org/W1878849234","https://openalex.org/W1919567193","https://openalex.org/W1969746035","https://openalex.org/W1984296381","https://openalex.org/W1985334587","https://openalex.org/W1989917297","https://openalex.org/W1991173493","https://openalex.org/W1993161193","https://openalex.org/W2000816833","https://openalex.org/W2005834990","https://openalex.org/W2019651709","https://openalex.org/W2020206829","https://openalex.org/W2031454011","https://openalex.org/W2040358611","https://openalex.org/W2095188060","https://openalex.org/W2099517607","https://openalex.org/W2100582804","https://openalex.org/W2104179704","https://openalex.org/W2129987380","https://openalex.org/W2131461075","https://openalex.org/W2131916861","https://openalex.org/W2141112937","https://openalex.org/W2149177425","https://openalex.org/W2161215662","https://openalex.org/W2161498856","https://openalex.org/W2162020086","https://openalex.org/W2162273104","https://openalex.org/W2494074628","https://openalex.org/W2542646740","https://openalex.org/W6632532977","https://openalex.org/W6640089395","https://openalex.org/W6683479707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735637147","https://openalex.org/W2565684021","https://openalex.org/W2613806913","https://openalex.org/W4362471294","https://openalex.org/W1974888709","https://openalex.org/W2616290320","https://openalex.org/W2557904637","https://openalex.org/W2056479693","https://openalex.org/W2800597667","https://openalex.org/W2149014477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,62,136,161],"main":[1,43,74],"focus":[2],"of":[3,25,47,72,81,90,101,110],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"is":[6,36,65,94,124,129,164],"to":[7,97,106,131],"find":[8],"an":[9],"upgrade":[10,49],"plan":[11,16],"for":[12,87,120],"a":[13],"microgrid.":[14],"This":[15,93],"includes":[17],"system":[18,48,115,122,172],"lines'":[19],"upgrades,":[20],"the":[21,26,33,39,69,73,82,88,91,99,108,114,117,121,133,158,167,174],"place,":[22],"and":[23,29,58,77,145,149,173],"size":[24],"new":[27],"capacitors":[28],"DERs.":[30],"As":[31],"usual,":[32],"planning":[34],"process":[35],"begun":[37],"with":[38],"load":[40],"forecasting.":[41],"objectives":[44],"include":[45],"minimization":[46],"cost,":[50,52],"loss":[51,53],"cost":[54],"in":[55],"peak":[56],"load,":[57],"finally":[59],"demand":[60],"cost.":[61,135],"last":[63],"objective":[64],"realized":[66],"here":[67],"using":[68],"tap":[70],"changer":[71],"station":[75],"transformer":[76],"reactive":[78,150],"power":[79,151],"support":[80],"sources":[83,154],"available":[84],"or":[85],"planned":[86],"future":[89],"grid.":[92],"always":[95],"referred":[96],"as":[98,157],"conservation":[100],"voltage":[102],"reduction.":[103],"In":[104],"order":[105],"consider":[107],"effects":[109],"bus":[111,143,170],"voltages":[112,144],"on":[113,142,166],"demand,":[116],"ZIP":[118],"model":[119],"loads":[123],"used.":[125],"Particle":[126],"swarm":[127],"optimization":[128,159],"used":[130],"minimize":[132],"total":[134],"line":[137],"flow":[138],"limits":[139],"lower/upper":[140],"bound":[141],"minimum/maximum":[146],"producible":[147],"active":[148],"from":[152],"different":[153],"are":[155,176],"considered":[156],"constraints.":[160],"proposed":[162],"algorithm":[163],"tested":[165],"IEEE":[168],"69":[169],"test":[171],"results":[175],"discussed.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}