{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2526863952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","title":"Energy Efficiency of Cloud Virtual Machines: From Traffic Pattern and CPU Affinity Perspectives","display_name":"Energy Efficiency of Cloud Virtual Machines: From Traffic Pattern and CPU Affinity Perspectives","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2526863952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","mag":"2526863952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101498012","display_name":"Chi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-722X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111861178","display_name":"Ziyang Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438288","display_name":"Haiyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-2686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115145","display_name":"University of Minnesota, Duluth","ror":"https://ror.org/01hy4qx27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051613770","display_name":"Ryan Shea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-2036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Shea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039311485","display_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-1984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangchuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101498012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1421,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9769705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"835","last_page":"845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.8261635303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7944841384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748969554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.7263728976249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6961038112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4869903028011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-virtualization","display_name":"Network virtualization","score":0.48030751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.47993093729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47089579701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45464903116226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-virtualization","display_name":"Full virtualization","score":0.4431113600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-virtualization","display_name":"Hardware virtualization","score":0.43691718578338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/networking-hardware","display_name":"Networking hardware","score":0.4349588453769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41498637199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15245330333709717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.8261635303497314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7944841384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748969554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.7263728976249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6961038112640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4869903028011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.48030751943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.47993093729019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47089579701423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45464903116226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47878483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848333","display_name":"Full virtualization","level":4,"score":0.4431113600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68793194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616095","display_name":"Hardware virtualization","level":5,"score":0.43691718578338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159631557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546066","display_name":"Networking hardware","level":2,"score":0.4349588453769684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41498637199401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15245330333709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2015.2429731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198915031","https://openalex.org/W204275623","https://openalex.org/W1516717550","https://openalex.org/W1584394048","https://openalex.org/W1597560875","https://openalex.org/W1820403722","https://openalex.org/W1884151001","https://openalex.org/W1982597493","https://openalex.org/W1989812994","https://openalex.org/W1991705847","https://openalex.org/W1997269120","https://openalex.org/W1998234836","https://openalex.org/W2001065285","https://openalex.org/W2010082999","https://openalex.org/W2037942368","https://openalex.org/W2041771494","https://openalex.org/W2059028787","https://openalex.org/W2064359039","https://openalex.org/W2089661946","https://openalex.org/W2094166892","https://openalex.org/W2095149148","https://openalex.org/W2103981209","https://openalex.org/W2105534358","https://openalex.org/W2109546606","https://openalex.org/W2112320297","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2136717145","https://openalex.org/W2140953464","https://openalex.org/W2158468884","https://openalex.org/W2161958717","https://openalex.org/W2166716750","https://openalex.org/W2998693821","https://openalex.org/W3000664081","https://openalex.org/W3014501007","https://openalex.org/W4234714894","https://openalex.org/W4254943404","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6608086305","https://openalex.org/W6630973839","https://openalex.org/W6634843578","https://openalex.org/W6635861118","https://openalex.org/W6638636849","https://openalex.org/W6649948755"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327172061","https://openalex.org/W2005435933","https://openalex.org/W2145292010","https://openalex.org/W1559332521","https://openalex.org/W2036685675","https://openalex.org/W2089878890","https://openalex.org/W2025873813","https://openalex.org/W2088775144","https://openalex.org/W2532568511","https://openalex.org/W2941461767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Networking":[0],"and":[1,49,63,128,153],"machine":[2,102],"virtualization":[3,71,145],"play":[4],"critical":[5],"roles":[6],"in":[7,24,40,93,104,137,176],"the":[8,25,28,44,75,119,144,150],"success":[9],"of":[10,17,77],"modern":[11],"cloud":[12,41],"computing.":[13],"The":[14],"energy":[15,47,96,115,120,174],"consumption":[16,48,121,175],"physical":[18,101,139],"machines":[19,38],"has":[20],"been":[21],"carefully":[22],"examined":[23],"past,":[26],"including":[27],"impact":[29],"from":[30],"network":[31,50,82,110,164],"traffic.":[32],"When":[33],"it":[34],"comes":[35],"to":[36],"virtual":[37,129],"(VMs)":[39],"data":[42],"centers,":[43],"interplay":[45],"between":[46],"traffic,":[51],"however,":[52],"becomes":[53],"much":[54],"more":[55],"complicated.":[56],"Through":[57],"real-world":[58],"measurement":[59,157],"on":[60],"both":[61],"Xen-":[62],"KVM-based":[64],"platforms,":[65],"we":[66,147,167],"show":[67],"that":[68,155],"these":[69],"state-of-the-art":[70],"designs":[72],"noticeably":[73],"increase":[74],"demand":[76],"CPU":[78,130],"resources":[79],"when":[80,99],"handling":[81],"transactions,":[83],"generating":[84],"excessive":[85],"interrupt":[86],"requests":[87],"with":[88,124],"ceaseless":[89],"context":[90],"switching,":[91],"which":[92,133],"turn,":[94],"increases":[95],"consumption.":[97,116],"Even":[98],"a":[100],"is":[103],"an":[105],"idle":[106],"state,":[107],"its":[108],"VM's":[109],"transactions":[111],"will":[112],"incur":[113],"nontrivial":[114],"More":[117],"interestingly,":[118],"significantly":[122],"varies":[123],"traffic":[125],"allocation":[126],"strategies":[127],"affinity":[131],"conditions,":[132],"was":[134],"not":[135],"seen":[136],"conventional":[138],"machines.":[140],"Looking":[141],"closely":[142],"into":[143],"architectures,":[146],"then":[148],"pinpoint":[149],"root":[151],"causes":[152],"examine":[154],"our":[156],"results":[158],"can":[159],"be":[160],"extended":[161],"for":[162],"various":[163],"configurations.":[165],"Moreover,":[166],"also":[168],"provide":[169],"initial":[170],"solutions":[171],"toward":[172],"optimizing":[173],"virtualized":[177],"environments.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
