{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2315342500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","title":"Survey of Techniques and Architectures for Designing Energy-Efficient Data Centers","display_name":"Survey of Techniques and Architectures for Designing Energy-Efficient Data Centers","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2315342500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","mag":"2315342500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005864005","display_name":"Junaid Shuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-5311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Shuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055197093","display_name":"Kashif Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055323881","display_name":"Sajjad A. Madani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-6512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad A. Madani","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106178684","display_name":"Mazliza Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6387-1618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazliza Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072670483","display_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Laboratory, CSIRO ICT Centre, Canberra, A.C.T, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Laboratory, CSIRO ICT Centre, Canberra, A.C.T, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050531633","display_name":"Pavan Balaji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pavan Balaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003909640","display_name":"Samee U. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5640-4942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samee U. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005864005"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.6013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":210,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9978435,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"507","last_page":"519"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8549505472183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.7574259042739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7233754992485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6366298198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.5454126596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.54198157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4767357110977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4474923610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-as-a-service","display_name":"Data as a service","score":0.42077112197875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38258805871009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3615567088127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33672499656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.29939061403274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28232336044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.21407288312911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17307624220848083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8549505472183228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.7574259042739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7233754992485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6366298198699951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.5454126596450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.54198157787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4767357110977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4474923610687256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97300177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994744","display_name":"Data as a service","level":3,"score":0.42077112197875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38258805871009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3615567088127136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33672499656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.29939061403274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28232336044311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.21407288312911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17307624220848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2014.2315823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148964820","https://openalex.org/W174578849","https://openalex.org/W190397983","https://openalex.org/W1487370894","https://openalex.org/W1496624136","https://openalex.org/W1529323869","https://openalex.org/W1590860274","https://openalex.org/W1914407668","https://openalex.org/W1966661666","https://openalex.org/W1967397417","https://openalex.org/W1968881927","https://openalex.org/W1984735887","https://openalex.org/W1989167505","https://openalex.org/W1998385236","https://openalex.org/W1999377222","https://openalex.org/W2006191301","https://openalex.org/W2008551747","https://openalex.org/W2011443263","https://openalex.org/W2012569660","https://openalex.org/W2017414887","https://openalex.org/W2022325078","https://openalex.org/W2024122052","https://openalex.org/W2026676775","https://openalex.org/W2032512814","https://openalex.org/W2038337218","https://openalex.org/W2042678864","https://openalex.org/W2045929616","https://openalex.org/W2051101806","https://openalex.org/W2051929630","https://openalex.org/W2052513167","https://openalex.org/W2053745362","https://openalex.org/W2058135584","https://openalex.org/W2066741260","https://openalex.org/W2068115084","https://openalex.org/W2076594788","https://openalex.org/W2079369525","https://openalex.org/W2086322743","https://openalex.org/W2094477153","https://openalex.org/W2095384248","https://openalex.org/W2098008076","https://openalex.org/W2099283075","https://openalex.org/W2100346277","https://openalex.org/W2101269886","https://openalex.org/W2102840382","https://openalex.org/W2103059432","https://openalex.org/W2103227834","https://openalex.org/W2105661057","https://openalex.org/W2106675331","https://openalex.org/W2106699718","https://openalex.org/W2107751141","https://openalex.org/W2109831069","https://openalex.org/W2114386613","https://openalex.org/W2116871621","https://openalex.org/W2117278106","https://openalex.org/W2118955868","https://openalex.org/W2119638333","https://openalex.org/W2121288607","https://openalex.org/W2125499854","https://openalex.org/W2126210439","https://openalex.org/W2126491373","https://openalex.org/W2130378534","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2131646073","https://openalex.org/W2133394135","https://openalex.org/W2135393827","https://openalex.org/W2140239028","https://openalex.org/W2142502415","https://openalex.org/W2143065961","https://openalex.org/W2144154231","https://openalex.org/W2144514590","https://openalex.org/W2144518192","https://openalex.org/W2144614141","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2150284754","https://openalex.org/W2153204735","https://openalex.org/W2153996860","https://openalex.org/W2156062774","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2159730421","https://openalex.org/W2161145409","https://openalex.org/W2161571330","https://openalex.org/W2162400329","https://openalex.org/W2163117572","https://openalex.org/W2166716750","https://openalex.org/W2167118853","https://openalex.org/W2168843283","https://openalex.org/W2171299219","https://openalex.org/W2541557612","https://openalex.org/W2999811406","https://openalex.org/W3021716134","https://openalex.org/W3138097900","https://openalex.org/W3150290710","https://openalex.org/W3150859138","https://openalex.org/W4230802698","https://openalex.org/W4232093111","https://openalex.org/W4240469116","https://openalex.org/W4240482089","https://openalex.org/W4242747115","https://openalex.org/W4243520016","https://openalex.org/W4251091605","https://openalex.org/W4256524787","https://openalex.org/W6606063390","https://openalex.org/W6607068850","https://openalex.org/W6629267129","https://openalex.org/W6635247820","https://openalex.org/W6669635316","https://openalex.org/W6676138793","https://openalex.org/W6679234838","https://openalex.org/W7047065673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165967062","https://openalex.org/W4389065284","https://openalex.org/W2903994135","https://openalex.org/W2185314374","https://openalex.org/W2613693709","https://openalex.org/W2265816823","https://openalex.org/W2385515186","https://openalex.org/W2114703322","https://openalex.org/W3173184367","https://openalex.org/W4220691546"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0,12,29],"computing":[1,13,21,35,45,68],"has":[2,47,52],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,72,183],"the":[5,24,27,132,140,149,194],"leading":[6],"paradigm":[7,46],"for":[8,107,178],"information":[9],"technology":[10],"businesses.":[11],"provides":[14],"a":[15],"platform":[16],"to":[17,54,75,87,118,198],"manage":[18],"and":[19,58,173,176,186],"deliver":[20],"services":[22,30,36,125,134],"around":[23],"world":[25],"over":[26],"Internet.":[28],"have":[31,94],"helped":[32],"businesses":[33],"utilize":[34],"on":[37,167],"demand":[38],"with":[39,65,164],"no":[40],"upfront":[41],"investments.":[42],"The":[43],"cloud":[44,77,133],"sustained":[48],"its":[49],"growth,":[50],"which":[51],"led":[53],"increase":[55],"in":[56,84],"size":[57],"number":[59],"of":[60,67,103,121,124,139,151,153],"data":[61,85,98,141,154,161,179,195],"centers.":[62],"Data":[63],"centers":[64,86,99],"thousands":[66],"devices":[69,80,188],"are":[70,81],"deployed":[71,82],"back":[73],"end":[74],"provide":[76],"services.":[78],"Computing":[79],"redundantly":[83],"ensure":[88],"24/7":[89],"availability.":[90],"However,":[91],"many":[92],"studies":[93],"pointed":[95],"out":[96],"that":[97,158,189],"consume":[100],"large":[101],"amount":[102],"electricity,":[104],"thus":[105],"calling":[106],"energy-efficiency":[108,156],"measures.":[109],"In":[110,144],"this":[111,145],"survey,":[112],"we":[113,147],"discuss":[114,171],"research":[115],"issues":[116],"related":[117],"conflicting":[119],"requirements":[120],"maximizing":[122],"quality":[123],"(QoSs)":[126],"(availability,":[127],"reliability,":[128],"etc.)":[129],"delivered":[130],"by":[131,193],"while":[135],"minimizing":[136],"energy":[137,200],"consumption":[138],"center":[142,155,162,180,196],"resources.":[143],"paper,":[146],"present":[148],"concept":[150],"inception":[152],"controller":[157,197],"can":[159,190],"consolidate":[160],"resources":[163,181],"minimal":[165],"effect":[166],"QoS":[168],"requirements.":[169],"We":[170],"software-":[172],"hardware-based":[174],"techniques":[175],"architectures":[177],"such":[182],"server,":[184],"memory,":[185],"network":[187],"be":[191],"manipulated":[192],"achieve":[199],"efficiency.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
