{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102847731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","title":"A Theory of Information Quality and its Implementation in Systems Engineering","display_name":"A Theory of Information Quality and its Implementation in Systems Engineering","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102847731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","mag":"2102847731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007302950","display_name":"Michael Grenn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael W. Grenn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Defense, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","U.S. Department of Defense Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Defense, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Defense Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109336689","display_name":"Shahram Sarkani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahram Sarkani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","[Dept. of Eng. Manage. & Syst. Eng., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Eng. Manage. & Syst. Eng., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050432319","display_name":"Thomas A. Mazzuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4584-4018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Mazzuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","[Dept. of Eng. Manage. & Syst. Eng., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Eng. Manage. & Syst. Eng., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007302950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91807218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"1129","last_page":"1138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11729","display_name":"Product Development and Customization","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14306","display_name":"Technology Assessment and Management","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6114805340766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.5831933617591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-functional-requirement","display_name":"Non-functional requirement","score":0.5743829011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4708271324634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-management","display_name":"Requirements management","score":0.46636447310447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.4560101628303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4447324573993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-requirement","display_name":"Functional requirement","score":0.4433113932609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-quality","display_name":"Information quality","score":0.4413614273071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirement","display_name":"Requirement","score":0.42826539278030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-requirements","display_name":"System requirements","score":0.4146800935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.39202699065208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3772560954093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.32565122842788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24781298637390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.19650858640670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.10081398487091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.09413281083106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6114805340766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.5831933617591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199747065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3254666","display_name":"Non-functional requirement","level":5,"score":0.5743829011917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4708271324634552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173577280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530038","display_name":"Requirements management","level":4,"score":0.46636447310447693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.4560101628303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4447324573993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62235348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264234","display_name":"Functional requirement","level":2,"score":0.4433113932609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45983554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3412851","display_name":"Information quality","level":3,"score":0.4413614273071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135475081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774228","display_name":"Requirement","level":4,"score":0.42826539278030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40398212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275513","display_name":"System requirements","level":2,"score":0.4146800935268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.39202699065208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3772560954093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.32565122842788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24781298637390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.19650858640670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.10081398487091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.09413281083106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2013.2290737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510131813","https://openalex.org/W1531557760","https://openalex.org/W1662351102","https://openalex.org/W1843762562","https://openalex.org/W1991983644","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2016057341","https://openalex.org/W2023599241","https://openalex.org/W2024947316","https://openalex.org/W2036983256","https://openalex.org/W2039076937","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2049448879","https://openalex.org/W2074961970","https://openalex.org/W2099290831","https://openalex.org/W2101452086","https://openalex.org/W2101907742","https://openalex.org/W2102057699","https://openalex.org/W2103461045","https://openalex.org/W2146571486","https://openalex.org/W2148820438","https://openalex.org/W2155941580","https://openalex.org/W2160889556","https://openalex.org/W2164684058","https://openalex.org/W2563147511","https://openalex.org/W2935955457","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W2989602247","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W4230618248","https://openalex.org/W4243653802","https://openalex.org/W4245841024","https://openalex.org/W4250565671","https://openalex.org/W4382915431","https://openalex.org/W6675172839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230481354","https://openalex.org/W2363165856","https://openalex.org/W2472769502","https://openalex.org/W2758128462","https://openalex.org/W757926393","https://openalex.org/W2080089689","https://openalex.org/W1629311836","https://openalex.org/W3016078679","https://openalex.org/W2135031301","https://openalex.org/W113355817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,152],"theory":[4,49],"of":[5,33,55,60,79,123],"information":[6,35,57,84,111],"quality":[7,66,71,103],"to":[8,38,86],"explain":[9],"requirements":[10,34,43,56,65,75,99,106,128,157,170],"engineering":[11,17,114,171],"behavior":[12],"observed":[13],"during":[14],"the":[15,39,48,53,69,74,77,82,88,119,135,149,161],"systems":[16],"(SE)":[18],"process.":[19,120],"Requirements":[20],"are":[21],"technical":[22],"statements":[23],"that":[24,148],"inform":[25],"system":[26,174],"design,":[27],"implementation,":[28],"and":[29,50,72,81,109,126,168],"integration.":[30],"The":[31,42,64,92,105,121],"meaning":[32,54],"is":[36,96,116,151],"relevant":[37],"SE":[40],"problem.":[41],"entropy":[44],"framework":[45],"(REF)":[46],"implements":[47],"accounts":[51],"for":[52,155,173],"in":[58,137],"terms":[59],"its":[61],"cumulative":[62,70],"quality.":[63],"distribution":[67],"reflects":[68],"determines":[73],"entropy,":[76,107,138],"number":[78],"possibilities,":[80],"additional":[83],"needed":[85,110],"reach":[87],"desired":[89,93,162],"end":[90,94,163],"state.":[91],"state":[95,164],"occupied":[97],"by":[98],"having":[100],"all":[101],"specified":[102],"attributes.":[104],"uncertainty,":[108,139],"decrease":[112],"as":[113],"effort":[115,172],"input":[117],"into":[118],"impact":[122],"added,":[124],"revised,":[125],"deleted":[127],"can":[129],"be":[130,166],"estimated":[131],"or":[132,140],"measured":[133],"from":[134,143],"change":[136],"information.":[141],"Results":[142],"computer":[144],"simulation":[145],"experiments":[146],"suggest":[147],"REF":[150],"useful":[153],"method":[154],"monitoring":[156],"trends,":[158],"forecasting":[159],"when":[160],"will":[165],"reached,":[167],"estimating":[169],"development":[175],"programs.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}