{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143077513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","title":"Security Applications of Formal Language Theory","display_name":"Security Applications of Formal Language Theory","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143077513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","mag":"2143077513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028139617","display_name":"Len Sassaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Len Sassaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium","Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Leuven, , Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Leuven, , Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071971805","display_name":"Meredith L. Patterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086225","display_name":"Lambda Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00thhxf09","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith L. Patterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Red Lambda, Inc., Longwood, FL, USA","Red Lambda, Longwood, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Red Lambda, Inc., Longwood, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Red Lambda, Longwood, FL, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016172156","display_name":"Sergey Bratus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Bratus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086616243","display_name":"Michael E. Locasto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Locasto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","University of Calgary; Calgary; AB; Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary; Calgary; AB; Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028139617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.3902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99008167,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"489","last_page":"500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.789908230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5541161298751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.548313558101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5270747542381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.5112805366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.5005497932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.4861904978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.4835750460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.47775188088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.4556290805339813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-language","display_name":"Formal language","score":0.44803568720817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43502867221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4160107672214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.3979393243789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.38855642080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3638952374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.29298868775367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.15162116289138794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.789908230304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5541161298751831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.548313558101654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5270747542381287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.5112805366516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.5005497932434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.4861904978752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.4835750460624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.47775188088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.4556290805339813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.44803568720817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43502867221832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4160107672214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.3979393243789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.38855642080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3638952374458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.29298868775367737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.15162116289138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2012.2222000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23242426","https://openalex.org/W130708379","https://openalex.org/W158755604","https://openalex.org/W166194785","https://openalex.org/W186343359","https://openalex.org/W1490025813","https://openalex.org/W1496712790","https://openalex.org/W1519430564","https://openalex.org/W1525967479","https://openalex.org/W1538375546","https://openalex.org/W1545666019","https://openalex.org/W1553177637","https://openalex.org/W1559645909","https://openalex.org/W1587970460","https://openalex.org/W1598083179","https://openalex.org/W1618999164","https://openalex.org/W1623551255","https://openalex.org/W1658853941","https://openalex.org/W1689185560","https://openalex.org/W1779735989","https://openalex.org/W1809751277","https://openalex.org/W1926951188","https://openalex.org/W1941427975","https://openalex.org/W1964071625","https://openalex.org/W1968939204","https://openalex.org/W1969794418","https://openalex.org/W1982910665","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W1994584977","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2001693166","https://openalex.org/W2003751975","https://openalex.org/W2004807322","https://openalex.org/W2008857097","https://openalex.org/W2018045485","https://openalex.org/W2036910349","https://openalex.org/W2037786632","https://openalex.org/W2040713190","https://openalex.org/W2049814260","https://openalex.org/W2052363833","https://openalex.org/W2059490789","https://openalex.org/W2062165320","https://openalex.org/W2062814932","https://openalex.org/W2064490449","https://openalex.org/W2077255765","https://openalex.org/W2081840025","https://openalex.org/W2082264682","https://openalex.org/W2087922528","https://openalex.org/W2089448621","https://openalex.org/W2103597742","https://openalex.org/W2104129476","https://openalex.org/W2111753126","https://openalex.org/W2112018008","https://openalex.org/W2125109784","https://openalex.org/W2128962261","https://openalex.org/W2130041324","https://openalex.org/W2132334337","https://openalex.org/W2134777898","https://openalex.org/W2135143063","https://openalex.org/W2139716931","https://openalex.org/W2140506847","https://openalex.org/W2144696387","https://openalex.org/W2147478478","https://openalex.org/W2149232727","https://openalex.org/W2152845220","https://openalex.org/W2155300758","https://openalex.org/W2157444271","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2164159817","https://openalex.org/W2167332015","https://openalex.org/W2536615479","https://openalex.org/W2620826411","https://openalex.org/W2797859902","https://openalex.org/W2907671633","https://openalex.org/W2978757628","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W4232808412","https://openalex.org/W4240110690","https://openalex.org/W4242751444","https://openalex.org/W4245752474","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298051233","https://openalex.org/W6600897621","https://openalex.org/W6606854095","https://openalex.org/W6607589358","https://openalex.org/W6632460521","https://openalex.org/W6633219197","https://openalex.org/W6635665485","https://openalex.org/W6638271993","https://openalex.org/W6675445516","https://openalex.org/W6678648185","https://openalex.org/W6681082614","https://openalex.org/W6683012335","https://openalex.org/W6684639311","https://openalex.org/W6738466686","https://openalex.org/W6906355099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387089893","https://openalex.org/W2784006287","https://openalex.org/W2056412463","https://openalex.org/W1811024770","https://openalex.org/W1548138051","https://openalex.org/W4230385779","https://openalex.org/W2907868081","https://openalex.org/W2542633692","https://openalex.org/W2143064903","https://openalex.org/W2046589905"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22,38,61,78,106],"present":[1],"a":[2,30,81,122,150],"formal":[3,102],"language":[4],"theory":[5],"approach":[6,42],"to":[7,44,134],"improving":[8],"the":[9,88,99,109,140,144,157],"security":[10,49,67],"aspects":[11,26],"of":[12,33,75,83,98,101,143,159],"protocol":[13,76,114],"design":[14,57],"and":[15,54,58,167],"message-based":[16],"interactions":[17],"in":[18,46,69,104,156],"complex":[19],"composed":[20],"systems.":[21],"argue":[23],"that":[24],"these":[25],"are":[27],"responsible":[28],"for":[29,124,153],"large":[31],"share":[32],"modern":[34],"computing":[35],"systems'":[36],"insecurity.":[37],"show":[39],"how":[40],"our":[41,96],"leads":[43],"advances":[45],"input":[47],"validation,":[48],"modeling,":[50],"attack":[51],"surface":[52],"reduction,":[53],"ultimately,":[55],"software":[56],"programming":[59],"methodology.":[60],"cite":[62],"examples":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65,117],"real-world":[66],"flaws":[68],"common":[70],"protocols,":[71],"representing":[72],"different":[73],"classes":[74],"complexity.":[77],"also":[79,107],"introduce":[80],"formalization":[82],"an":[84],"exploit":[85],"development":[86],"technique,":[87],"parse":[89],"tree":[90],"differential":[91],"attack,":[92],"made":[93],"possible":[94],"by":[95,139],"conception":[97],"role":[100],"grammars":[103],"security.":[105,118],"discuss":[108],"negative":[110],"impact":[111],"unnecessarily":[112],"increased":[113],"complexity":[115],"has":[116],"This":[119],"paper":[120],"provides":[121],"foundation":[123],"designing":[125],"verifiable":[126],"critical":[127],"implementation":[128],"components":[129],"with":[130],"considerably":[131],"less":[132],"burden":[133],"developers":[135],"than":[136],"is":[137],"offered":[138],"current":[141],"state":[142],"art.":[145],"In":[146],"addition,":[147],"it":[148],"offers":[149],"rich":[151],"basis":[152],"further":[154],"exploration":[155],"areas":[158],"offensive":[160],"analysis":[161],"and,":[162],"conversely,":[163],"automated":[164],"defense":[165],"tools,":[166],"techniques.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}