{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1982638441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","title":"Real Time High Accuracy 3-D PHAT-Based Sound Source Localization Using a Simple 4-Microphone Arrangement","display_name":"Real Time High Accuracy 3-D PHAT-Based Sound Source Localization Using a Simple 4-Microphone Arrangement","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1982638441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","mag":"1982638441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029303583","display_name":"Ali Parsayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2573-4655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Parsayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101910361","display_name":"Seyed Mohammad Ahadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Mohammad Ahadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89367834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"455","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.8643983602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6457953453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverberation","display_name":"Reverberation","score":0.6183142066001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.6035628914833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6032593846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","score":0.5769214630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5126720666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.49103546142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.4759804308414459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.46436071395874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4237460792064667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3726779818534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2965131998062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.18533572554588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.18440809845924377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.12875968217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12273529171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10709205269813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10650584101676941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.8643983602523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6457953453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95851461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468809","display_name":"Reverberation","level":2,"score":0.6183142066001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.6035628914833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6032593846321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.5769214630126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5126720666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.49103546142578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.4759804308414459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46436071395874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4237460792064667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3726779818534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2965131998062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.18533572554588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.18440809845924377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.12875968217849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12273529171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10709205269813538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10650584101676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2176766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591617183","https://openalex.org/W1852146098","https://openalex.org/W1887215443","https://openalex.org/W1958675555","https://openalex.org/W1965066866","https://openalex.org/W1982350880","https://openalex.org/W1988543519","https://openalex.org/W1994630425","https://openalex.org/W1995414986","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2023004272","https://openalex.org/W2027642854","https://openalex.org/W2031974170","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2061735630","https://openalex.org/W2073729956","https://openalex.org/W2080517778","https://openalex.org/W2080830113","https://openalex.org/W2097722237","https://openalex.org/W2097785271","https://openalex.org/W2099055931","https://openalex.org/W2101414012","https://openalex.org/W2104422351","https://openalex.org/W2104654244","https://openalex.org/W2107376953","https://openalex.org/W2109297681","https://openalex.org/W2110412069","https://openalex.org/W2113416157","https://openalex.org/W2113744809","https://openalex.org/W2122509273","https://openalex.org/W2128529557","https://openalex.org/W2134620996","https://openalex.org/W2137867936","https://openalex.org/W2140914485","https://openalex.org/W2148752651","https://openalex.org/W2149900846","https://openalex.org/W2152920597","https://openalex.org/W2153587859","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2155276444","https://openalex.org/W2155754059","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2157229366","https://openalex.org/W2161459013","https://openalex.org/W2166815464","https://openalex.org/W2169730407","https://openalex.org/W2171470026","https://openalex.org/W2561817999","https://openalex.org/W2587162452","https://openalex.org/W4214493158","https://openalex.org/W4252356353","https://openalex.org/W6676344012","https://openalex.org/W6680448475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319862450","https://openalex.org/W1562475690","https://openalex.org/W4386900535","https://openalex.org/W1488529827","https://openalex.org/W2288274698","https://openalex.org/W4385361701","https://openalex.org/W2068968550","https://openalex.org/W2770231486","https://openalex.org/W2187684650","https://openalex.org/W2159296145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"wideband":[3,26,138,244],"sound":[4,27,53,139,245],"source":[5,28,54,246],"localization":[6,55,136,240],"in":[7,35,141,182],"outdoor":[8,142],"cases.":[9],"In":[10,116],"such":[11,247],"cases,":[12,148],"time":[13,62,92,180],"difference":[14],"of":[15,39,86,137,163,220,241],"arrival":[16],"(TDOA)-based":[17],"methods":[18,31,58,79],"are":[19,206],"commonly":[20],"used":[21],"for":[22,80,134,218,226,238],"2-D":[23],"and":[24,47,65,124,144,177,189,230],"3-D":[25,135,227],"localization.":[29],"These":[30],"have":[32],"lower":[33],"accuracy":[34,52,176],"comparison":[36,183],"with":[37,184],"direction":[38],"arrival-based":[40],"approaches.":[41],"However,":[42],"they":[43],"feature":[44],"fewer":[45],"microphones":[46,164],"less":[48,178,215,222],"computation":[49,91,179,231],"time.":[50],"High":[51],"using":[56,149],"these":[57],"needs":[59],"highly":[60],"accurate":[61,125],"delay":[63],"measurement,":[64],"therefore,":[66],"high":[67],"frequency":[68],"signal":[69],"sampling":[70],"rates.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"the":[73,94,107,157,171,202,239],"need":[74],"to":[75,106,112],"use":[76],"numerical":[77],"analysis":[78],"local":[81,114],"calculations":[82,95],"(solving":[83],"nonlinear":[84,203],"equations":[85,205],"closed-form":[87,186,204],"methods)":[88],"will":[89],"increase":[90],"while":[93],"may":[96],"still":[97],"not":[98],"converge.":[99],"Also,":[100,200],"a":[101,119,160,242,249],"good":[102],"initial":[103,209],"guess":[104,210],"close":[105],"true":[108],"solution":[109],"is":[110,153,165,211],"needed":[111],"avoid":[113],"minima.":[115],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"simple,":[120],"fast":[121],"(real":[122],"time)":[123],"pure":[126],"geometric":[127],"phase":[128],"transform-based":[129],"exact":[130],"location":[131,193,228],"calculation":[132,194],"approach":[133],"sources":[140],"far-field":[143],"low":[145,234],"degree":[146],"reverberation":[147],"only":[150],"four":[151],"microphones,":[152],"proposed.":[154],"Based":[155],"on":[156],"proposed":[158,172],"method,":[159],"simple":[161],"arrangement":[162],"implemented.":[166],"Experimental":[167],"results":[168],"show":[169],"that":[170],"method":[173],"has":[174],"more":[175],"simultaneously,":[181],"previous":[185],"hyperbolic":[187],"intersection":[188],"other":[190],"TDOA-based":[191],"state-of-the-art":[192],"methods,":[195],"overcoming":[196],"their":[197],"major":[198],"weaknesses.":[199],"as":[201,233,235,248],"linearized,":[207],"no":[208],"required.":[212],"It":[213],"features":[214],"than":[216,223],"0.2$^{\\circ}$error":[217],"angle":[219],"arrival,":[221],"5%":[224],"error":[225],"finding,":[229],"times":[232],"250":[236],"ms":[237],"typical":[243],"flying":[250],"object":[251],"(helicopter).":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}