{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134115330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","title":"Performance Assessment of Micro and Small-Scale Wind Turbines in Urban Areas","display_name":"Performance Assessment of Micro and Small-Scale Wind Turbines in Urban Areas","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134115330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","mag":"2134115330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101560838","display_name":"Jorge Acosta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9034-1673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. L. Acosta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083873854","display_name":"Kevin Combe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Combe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057974305","display_name":"Sasa Djokic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasa Z. Djokic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066941574","display_name":"Ignacio Hernando\u2010Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-0685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Hernando-Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Energy Systems, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":198.156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99915911,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"152","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.9049597978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.8328400254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.5449333786964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5284702181816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5164675712585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.511959433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46753332018852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4033373296260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.398296058177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2801387906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.12030932307243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08758494257926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06993374228477478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.9049597978591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.8328400254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.5449333786964417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5284702181816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5164675712585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.511959433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46753332018852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4033373296260834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.398296058177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2801387906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.12030932307243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08758494257926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06993374228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2011.2163025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95999327","display_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","issn_l":"1932-8184","issn":["1932-8184","1937-9234","2373-7816"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Systems Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854402183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/G052530/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500586927","https://openalex.org/W1514718511","https://openalex.org/W1971583175","https://openalex.org/W1992340163","https://openalex.org/W2132666358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380482219","https://openalex.org/W3214712242","https://openalex.org/W4377969695","https://openalex.org/W3204461065","https://openalex.org/W2387456441","https://openalex.org/W1965417009","https://openalex.org/W2018320994","https://openalex.org/W2386317024","https://openalex.org/W2085232331","https://openalex.org/W2347282218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,26],"paper":[1,27,68],"addresses":[2],"some":[3],"general":[4],"issues":[5],"related":[6],"to":[7],"the":[8,13,39,54,62,72,111,114,126,129,158],"difficulties":[9],"and":[10,15,19,41,77,84,91,99,152],"uncertainties":[11],"during":[12],"assessment":[14,116],"characterization":[16],"of":[17,43,56,89,102,113,117,128,132,160],"micro":[18],"small-scale":[20],"wind-based":[21],"generation":[22],"in":[23,47,66,120],"urban":[24,121],"areas.":[25],"proposes":[28],"four":[29],"generic":[30,92],"wind":[31,45,57,86,94,104,118,133,144,161],"turbine":[32,87,134,145,162],"models,":[33],"which":[34],"could":[35],"be":[36],"used":[37,156],"for":[38,71,157],"analysis":[40,65,79,159],"selection":[42],"optimal":[44],"turbines":[46,58],"target":[48],"applications,":[49],"as":[50,123,125],"they":[51],"accurately":[52],"represent":[53],"range":[55],"currently":[59],"available":[60,103],"on":[61],"market.":[63],"The":[64,107],"this":[67],"compares":[69],"results":[70,109],"expected":[73],"annual":[74],"energy":[75,105],"outputs":[76],"cost-benefit":[78],"obtained":[80,148],"using":[81],"steady":[82],"state":[83],"dynamic":[85],"models":[88],"actual":[90],"micro/small":[93],"turbines,":[95],"applying":[96],"both":[97],"low-resolution":[98],"high-resolution":[100],"measurements":[101],"resources.":[106],"presented":[108],"demonstrate":[110],"significance":[112],"accurate":[115],"resources":[119],"areas,":[122],"well":[124],"importance":[127],"correct":[130],"modeling":[131],"characteristics.":[135],"It":[136],"is":[137],"shown":[138],"that":[139],"substantial":[140],"errors,":[141],"typically":[142],"overestimating":[143],"performance,":[146],"are":[147,155],"if":[149],"standard":[150],"assumptions":[151],"current":[153],"recommendations":[154],"performance.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
