{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125871814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637","title":"Exploiting Spatial Multiplexing Based on Pixel Antennas: An Antenna Coding Approach","display_name":"Exploiting Spatial Multiplexing Based on Pixel Antennas: An Antenna Coding Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125871814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123964569","display_name":"Zixiang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixiang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Research Lab, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-0418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Research Lab, China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123942885","display_name":"Shanpu Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanpu Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-2903","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123928071","display_name":"Ross Murch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Murch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and the Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-7693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and the Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95511001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"233","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.17080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.0835999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4097000062465668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.47350001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2026.3657637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-170295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-170295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4455779790878296}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"antenna":[1,37,72,97,114,127,135,145,192],"coding":[2,115,146,193],"approach":[3,15],"for":[4,87,102,144,202],"exploitingthe":[5],"spatial":[6,89],"multiplexing":[7],"capability":[8],"of":[9,20,132,163,190],"pixel":[10,71,103,134,157],"antennas":[11,32,158],"is":[12,136],"proposed.":[13],"This":[14],"can":[16,48,74,84,159],"leverage":[17],"additional":[18],"degrees":[19],"freedom":[21],"in":[22,116,195],"the":[23,67,70,80,96,117,122,126,129,133,153,174,188,191],"beamspace":[24,88,118],"domain":[25],"to":[26,168,180,184],"transmit":[27,176],"more":[28],"information":[29],"streams.":[30],"Pixel":[31],"are":[33,59,142],"a":[34,40,106],"general":[35],"reconfigurable":[36],"design":[38],"where":[39],"radiating":[41],"structure":[42],"with":[43,113],"arbitrary":[44],"shape":[45],"and":[46,99,120,138,199],"size":[47],"be":[49,75,85],"discretized":[50],"into":[51],"sub-wavelength":[52],"elements":[53],"called":[54],"pixels.":[55],"The":[56],"adjacent":[57],"pixels":[58],"connected":[60],"by":[61,166,178],"radio":[62],"frequency":[63],"switches.":[64],"By":[65],"controlling":[66],"switch":[68],"states,":[69],"topology":[73],"flexibly":[76],"adjusted":[77],"so":[78],"that":[79,152],"resulting":[81],"radiation":[82,130],"pattern":[83,100,131],"reconfigured":[86],"multiplexing.":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92],"work,":[93],"we":[94],"introduce":[95],"coder":[98,101],"antennas,":[104],"provide":[105],"multiple-input":[107],"multiple-output":[108],"(MIMO)":[109],"communication":[110],"system":[111],"model":[112],"domain,":[119],"derive":[121],"spectral":[123,161,196],"efficiency.":[124],"Utilizing":[125],"coder,":[128],"analyzed":[137],"efficient":[139],"optimization":[140],"algorithms":[141],"provided":[143],"design.":[147],"Numerical":[148],"simulation":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"proposed":[154],"technique":[155,194],"using":[156],"enhance":[160],"efficiency":[162,197],"4-by-4":[164],"MIMO":[165],"up":[167,179],"12":[169],"bits/s/Hz,":[170],"or":[171],"equivalently":[172],"reduce":[173],"required":[175],"power":[177],"90%,":[181],"when":[182],"compared":[183],"conventional":[185],"MIMO,":[186],"demonstrating":[187],"effectiveness":[189],"enhancement":[198],"its":[200],"promise":[201],"future":[203],"sixth":[204],"generation":[205],"(6":[206],"G)":[207],"wireless":[208],"communication.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-28T00:00:00"}
