{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414799044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859","title":"XPPG-PCA: Reference-Free Automatic Speech Severity Evaluation With Principal Components","display_name":"XPPG-PCA: Reference-Free Automatic Speech Severity Evaluation With Principal Components","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414799044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019343311","display_name":"Bence Mark Halpern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-359X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bence Mark Halpern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Nagoya University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-359X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039437769","display_name":"Thomas B. Tienkamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-6654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Tienkamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8374-6654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076982048","display_name":"Teja Rebernik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182627622","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Nouvelle","ror":"https://ror.org/03z6jp965","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182627622"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teja Rebernik","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France","CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle; Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-8470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I182627622"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Sorbonne Nouvelle; Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I182627622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043585751","display_name":"R.J.J.H. van Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799557411","display_name":"Dutch Cancer Society","ror":"https://ror.org/0368jnd28","country_code":"NL","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799557411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111138","display_name":"Oncode Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01n92vv28","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111138"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob J.J.H. van Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Cancer Institute in the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Cancer Institute in the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6321-7635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Cancer Institute in the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111138","https://openalex.org/I2799557411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Cancer Institute in the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071951320","display_name":"Sebastiaan A. H. J. de Visscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-5427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiaan A.H.J. de Visscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-5427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086882002","display_name":"Max J. H. Witjes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4135-3246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334415907","display_name":"University Medical Center Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max J.H. Witjes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Hospital Groningen in the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334415907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056035432","display_name":"Defne Abur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Defne Abur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","University of Groningen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0410-8487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078330211","display_name":"Tomoki Toda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-1279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoki Toda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Nagoya University, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-1279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10371131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"783","last_page":"795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7211999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.3582000136375427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7211999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6276000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5679000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776182073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575395","display_name":"Speech enhancement","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2025.3617859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Halpern, B, Tienkamp, T, Rebernik, T, van Son, R, de Visscher, S, Witjes, M, Abur, D & Toda, T 2025, 'XPPG-PCA : Reference-free Automatic Speech Severity Evaluation with Principal Components', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 783-795. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2025.3617859","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.00657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.00657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00657","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.00657","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Halpern, B, Tienkamp, T, Rebernik, T, van Son, R, de Visscher, S, Witjes, M, Abur, D & Toda, T 2025, 'XPPG-PCA : Reference-free Automatic Speech Severity Evaluation with Principal Components', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 783-795. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2025.3617859","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:265825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/xppgpca-referencefree-automatic-speech-severity-evaluation-with-principal-components(986727d0-d056-40e8-b32e-954c357a95c8).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:265825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2025.3617859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/20323882-a14a-4c9c-b13f-ec9a1f798098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Halpern, B, Tienkamp, T, Rebernik, T, van Son, R, de Visscher, S, Witjes, M, Abur, D & Toda, T 2025, 'XPPG-PCA : Reference-free Automatic Speech Severity Evaluation with Principal Components', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 783-795. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2025.3617859","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8894293743","display_name":"\"I don't sound like myself\": Creating voice conversion-based speech technology for healthcare","funder_award_id":"019.232SG.011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323105","display_name":"Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/03cv38k47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62916039","https://openalex.org/W309418507","https://openalex.org/W1574170747","https://openalex.org/W1963718576","https://openalex.org/W1964546269","https://openalex.org/W1977958021","https://openalex.org/W1989743657","https://openalex.org/W1999453191","https://openalex.org/W2002145279","https://openalex.org/W2022939667","https://openalex.org/W2027370878","https://openalex.org/W2030582787","https://openalex.org/W2030763496","https://openalex.org/W2031072412","https://openalex.org/W2065232027","https://openalex.org/W2067827825","https://openalex.org/W2068449915","https://openalex.org/W2069335787","https://openalex.org/W2076895998","https://openalex.org/W2077708378","https://openalex.org/W2082833614","https://openalex.org/W2084627109","https://openalex.org/W2088711720","https://openalex.org/W2094410714","https://openalex.org/W2107570013","https://openalex.org/W2141869696","https://openalex.org/W2148472272","https://openalex.org/W2149768999","https://openalex.org/W2157991791","https://openalex.org/W2168971999","https://openalex.org/W2186025153","https://openalex.org/W2263201314","https://openalex.org/W2403339321","https://openalex.org/W2405992935","https://openalex.org/W2555370706","https://openalex.org/W2578167459","https://openalex.org/W2742150759","https://openalex.org/W2746311506","https://openalex.org/W2766420000","https://openalex.org/W2790960823","https://openalex.org/W2884225676","https://openalex.org/W2889543932","https://openalex.org/W2936417594","https://openalex.org/W2972541922","https://openalex.org/W2972818416","https://openalex.org/W2995181338","https://openalex.org/W3015761121","https://openalex.org/W3030929541","https://openalex.org/W3036599503","https://openalex.org/W3094856303","https://openalex.org/W3120691648","https://openalex.org/W3124244217","https://openalex.org/W3133531030","https://openalex.org/W3160799772","https://openalex.org/W3163793923","https://openalex.org/W3206440620","https://openalex.org/W3211022491","https://openalex.org/W4200300291","https://openalex.org/W4206737954","https://openalex.org/W4212800565","https://openalex.org/W4296070198","https://openalex.org/W4310415633","https://openalex.org/W4360938237","https://openalex.org/W4372260311","https://openalex.org/W4372260534","https://openalex.org/W4391021405","https://openalex.org/W4399369167","https://openalex.org/W4400172023","https://openalex.org/W4402111738","https://openalex.org/W4402112188","https://openalex.org/W4405794758"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliably":[0],"evaluating":[1],"the":[2,13,41,171,178,183],"severity":[3,121],"of":[4,43,174,187,193],"a":[5,48,114,166,191],"speech":[6,67,73,102,120,175],"pathology":[7],"is":[8,198],"crucial":[9],"in":[10],"healthcare.":[11],"However,":[12],"current":[14],"reliance":[15],"on":[16,50],"expert":[17],"evaluations":[18,189],"by":[19],"speech-language":[20],"pathologists":[21],"presents":[22],"several":[23],"challenges:":[24],"while":[25,92],"their":[26,76],"assessments":[27],"are":[28,32,81,95],"highly":[29],"skilled,":[30],"they":[31,57],"also":[33,82],"subjective,":[34],"time-consuming,":[35],"and":[36,46,74,98,149,185],"costly,":[37],"which":[38],"can":[39],"limit":[40],"reproducibility":[42],"clinical":[44,156,188],"studies":[45],"place":[47],"strain":[49],"healthcare":[51],"resources.":[52],"While":[53],"automated":[54],"methods":[55,80],"exist,":[56],"have":[58],"significant":[59],"drawbacks.":[60],"Reference-based":[61],"approaches":[62],"require":[63],"transcriptions":[64],"or":[65,136],"healthy":[66],"samples,":[68],"restricting":[69],"them":[70],"to":[71,100,180],"read":[72],"limiting":[75],"applicability.":[77],"Existing":[78],"reference-free":[79,117],"flawed;":[83],"supervised":[84],"models":[85],"often":[86,96],"learn":[87],"spurious":[88],"shortcuts":[89,148],"from":[90],"data,":[91],"handcrafted":[93],"features":[94],"unreliable":[97],"restricted":[99],"specific":[101],"tasks.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"introduces":[106],"XPPG-PCA":[107,132,164],"(x-vector":[108],"phonetic":[109],"posteriorgram":[110],"principal":[111],"component":[112],"analysis),":[113],"novel,":[115],"unsupervised,":[116],"method":[118],"for":[119,154,170],"evaluation.":[122],"Using":[123],"three":[124],"Dutch":[125],"oral":[126],"cancer":[127],"datasets,":[128],"we":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131,163],"performs":[133],"comparably":[134],"to,":[135],"exceeds":[137],"established":[138],"reference-based":[139],"methods.":[140],"Our":[141],"experiments":[142],"confirm":[143],"its":[144,152],"robustness":[145],"against":[146],"data":[147],"noise,":[150],"showing":[151],"potential":[153,179],"real-world":[155],"use.":[157],"Taken":[158],"together,":[159],"our":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"provides":[165],"robust,":[167],"generalizable":[168],"solution":[169],"objective":[172],"assessment":[173],"pathology,":[176],"with":[177],"significantly":[181],"improve":[182],"efficiency":[184],"reliability":[186],"across":[190],"range":[192],"disorders.":[194],"An":[195],"open-source":[196],"implementation":[197],"available.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}