{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387415143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655","title":"Index-Modulated Metasurface Transceiver Design Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Networks","display_name":"Index-Modulated Metasurface Transceiver Design Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387415143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057382349","display_name":"John A. Hodge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-5249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John A. Hodge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-5249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082119521","display_name":"Kumar Vijay Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-609X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar Vijay Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-609X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053858045","display_name":"Brian M. Sadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-3812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian M. Sadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-3812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036947880","display_name":"Amir I. Zaghloul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-6876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir I. Zaghloul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-6876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057382349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87156161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"1248","last_page":"1263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.7280241250991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7147723436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.7021700143814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6535839438438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5578248500823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5394384264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation-index","display_name":"Modulation index","score":0.4587443768978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.44399333000183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.395706444978714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2554488778114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20281466841697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17534658312797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.17022466659545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09257277846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09038048982620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.0795605480670929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.7280241250991821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7147723436355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.7021700143814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6535839438438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5578248500823975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5394384264945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.4587443768978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.44399333000183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.395706444978714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2554488778114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20281466841697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17534658312797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.17022466659545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09257277846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09038048982620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.0795605480670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3322655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842861892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-21-2-0288","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311418","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508642566","https://openalex.org/W1980175098","https://openalex.org/W1994588011","https://openalex.org/W2029262884","https://openalex.org/W2034084319","https://openalex.org/W2059428565","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2089610240","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2121607567","https://openalex.org/W2126073021","https://openalex.org/W2142978827","https://openalex.org/W2157506678","https://openalex.org/W2163504740","https://openalex.org/W2242291464","https://openalex.org/W2256638885","https://openalex.org/W2260784149","https://openalex.org/W2345604706","https://openalex.org/W2536076834","https://openalex.org/W2552808946","https://openalex.org/W2590591413","https://openalex.org/W2624494617","https://openalex.org/W2744485539","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2808295928","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2883182640","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2901348109","https://openalex.org/W2901450205","https://openalex.org/W2914202397","https://openalex.org/W2916238596","https://openalex.org/W2949531339","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2953984813","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2963969247","https://openalex.org/W2963973401","https://openalex.org/W2964014541","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W2972473258","https://openalex.org/W2972837627","https://openalex.org/W2977307918","https://openalex.org/W2977498830","https://openalex.org/W2985421916","https://openalex.org/W2993194816","https://openalex.org/W3003673473","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3010785011","https://openalex.org/W3034190352","https://openalex.org/W3038498700","https://openalex.org/W3088218221","https://openalex.org/W3099679786","https://openalex.org/W3101806386","https://openalex.org/W3101830715","https://openalex.org/W3104964198","https://openalex.org/W3130958916","https://openalex.org/W3161093826","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W4313042286","https://openalex.org/W4375815149","https://openalex.org/W6779509776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172159377","https://openalex.org/W2091769028","https://openalex.org/W2351865055","https://openalex.org/W2020731358","https://openalex.org/W2055131418","https://openalex.org/W1501039677","https://openalex.org/W3161598161","https://openalex.org/W2306672848","https://openalex.org/W2128552819","https://openalex.org/W4291701075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Higher":[0],"spectral":[1],"and":[2,67,71,79,115],"energy":[3],"efficiencies":[4],"are":[5],"the":[6,19,91,105,112],"envisioned":[7],"defining":[8],"characteristics":[9],"of":[10,18,35,37,51,69,107,125],"high":[11],"data-rate":[12],"sixth-generation":[13],"(6G)":[14],"wireless":[15],"networks.":[16],"One":[17],"enabling":[20],"technologies":[21],"to":[22,110],"meet":[23],"these":[24,108],"requirements":[25],"is":[26],"index":[27],"modulation":[28,81],"(IM),":[29],"which":[30],"transmits":[31],"information":[32],"through":[33,121],"permutations":[34],"indices":[36],"spatial,":[38],"frequency,":[39],"or":[40],"temporal":[41],"media.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"we":[46],"propose":[47],"novel":[48],"electromagnetics-compliant":[49],"designs":[50],"reconfigurable":[52],"intelligent":[53],"surface":[54],"(RIS)":[55],"apertures":[56],"for":[57,85,119],"realizing":[58],"IM":[59,98,120],"in":[60],"6G":[61],"transceivers.":[62],"We":[63,102],"consider":[64],"RIS":[65],"modeling":[66],"implementation":[68],"spatial":[70,77],"subcarrier":[72],"IMs,":[73],"including":[74],"beam":[75],"steering,":[76],"multiplexing,":[78],"phase":[80,114],"capabilities.":[82],"Numerical":[83],"experiments":[84],"our":[86],"proposed":[87],"implementations":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"bit":[92],"error":[93],"rates":[94],"obtained":[95],"via":[96],"RIS-aided":[97],"outperform":[99],"traditional":[100],"implementations.":[101],"further":[103],"establish":[104],"programmability":[106],"transceivers":[109],"vary":[111],"reflection":[113],"generate":[116],"frequency":[117],"harmonics":[118],"full-wave":[122],"electromagnetic":[123],"analyses":[124],"a":[126],"specific":[127],"reflect-array":[128],"metasurface":[129],"implementation.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
