{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385267487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175","title":"Hybrid Knowledge-Data Driven Channel Semantic Acquisition and Beamforming for Cell-Free Massive MIMO","display_name":"Hybrid Knowledge-Data Driven Channel Semantic Acquisition and Beamforming for Cell-Free Massive MIMO","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385267487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054396881","display_name":"Zhen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054427217","display_name":"Shicong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-7869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-7869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074556801","display_name":"Yu T. Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-2994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Chengdu Institute of Research and Development, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Chengdu Institute of Research and Development, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101747929","display_name":"Zhongxiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongxiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Sensing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China","Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2245-5685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Sensing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072074280","display_name":"Dezhi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Sensing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China","Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-5989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Sensing, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9593994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"964","last_page":"979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8236263394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6752150058746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6668968796730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.61580491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5613202452659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4624479115009308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4563208222389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.45084455609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4189004898071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.382076621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37638962268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32984334230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1514594554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13779625296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11469092965126038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8236263394355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6752150058746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6668968796730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.61580491065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5613202452659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4624479115009308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4563208222389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.45084455609321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4189004898071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.382076621055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37638962268829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32984334230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1514594554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13779625296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11469092965126038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1748505506","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2233216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7632750211","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21MIMO\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d77\u91cf\u8bbe\u5907\u9ad8\u6548\u63a5\u5165\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7894506616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022YQ62","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615589970","https://openalex.org/W1929963787","https://openalex.org/W1938636034","https://openalex.org/W2011736561","https://openalex.org/W2022318697","https://openalex.org/W2026207094","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2120549790","https://openalex.org/W2132048364","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2162636480","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272774410","https://openalex.org/W2339705939","https://openalex.org/W2546062527","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2886124254","https://openalex.org/W2887520228","https://openalex.org/W2911927928","https://openalex.org/W2922278994","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2964338899","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2968158393","https://openalex.org/W2971415724","https://openalex.org/W2976468372","https://openalex.org/W3001370401","https://openalex.org/W3007918497","https://openalex.org/W3008026851","https://openalex.org/W3027593020","https://openalex.org/W3038342299","https://openalex.org/W3081279169","https://openalex.org/W3093756014","https://openalex.org/W3099019646","https://openalex.org/W3104746390","https://openalex.org/W3108804658","https://openalex.org/W3167779900","https://openalex.org/W4210852766","https://openalex.org/W4212980349","https://openalex.org/W4224950775","https://openalex.org/W4296425646","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6682137061","https://openalex.org/W6726497184","https://openalex.org/W6795140394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W1985632843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,88],"advancing":[4],"outdoor":[5,115,229],"wireless":[6,23],"systems":[7],"to":[8,111,142,149,227],"better":[9],"support":[10],"ubiquitous":[11],"extended":[12],"reality":[13],"(XR)":[14],"applications,":[15],"and":[16,37,72,145,168,199,225],"close":[17],"the":[18,63,89,130,139,147,177,185,210],"gap":[19],"with":[20,109,127,165,170],"current":[21],"indoor":[22],"transmission":[24],"capabilities.":[25],"We":[26],"propose":[27,50,95],"a":[28,51,96],"hybrid":[29,171],"knowledge-data":[30],"driven":[31],"method":[32,205],"for":[33,58,68,75,161],"channel":[34,59,69,76,91,188],"semantic":[35,60,70,77],"acquisition":[36,198],"multi-user":[38,99],"beamforming":[39,125,132,156,204],"in":[40,82,114,183,195,219],"cell-free":[41],"massive":[42],"multiple-input":[43],"multiple-output":[44],"(MIMO)":[45],"systems.":[46],"Specifically,":[47],"we":[48,93],"firstly":[49],"data-driven":[52],"multiple":[53],"layer":[54],"perceptron":[55],"(MLP)-Mixer-based":[56],"auto-encoder":[57],"acquisition,":[61,189],"where":[62],"pilot":[64],"signals,":[65],"CSI":[66,73,113,197],"quantizer":[67],"embedding,":[71],"reconstruction":[74],"extraction":[78],"are":[79],"jointly":[80],"optimized":[81],"an":[83],"end-to-end":[84],"manner.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"based":[87],"acquired":[90],"semantic,":[92],"further":[94],"knowledge-driven":[97],"deep-unfolding":[98],"beamformer,":[100],"which":[101],"is":[102,134],"capable":[103,135],"of":[104,136,179,187,209],"achieving":[105],"good":[106],"spectral":[107],"efficiency":[108,213],"robustness":[110,148],"imperfect":[112,150],"XR":[116,230],"scenarios.":[117],"By":[118],"unfolding":[119,155],"conventional":[120],"successive":[121],"over-relaxation":[122],"(SOR)-based":[123],"linear":[124],"scheme":[126,133,157,182],"deep":[128,154],"learning,":[129],"proposed":[131,153,181,203],"adaptively":[137],"learning":[138],"optimal":[140],"parameters":[141],"accelerate":[143],"convergence":[144],"improve":[146,228],"CSI.":[151],"The":[152,202],"can":[158],"be":[159],"used":[160],"access":[162],"points":[163],"(APs)":[164],"fully-digital":[166],"array":[167],"APs":[169],"analog-digital":[172],"array.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"our":[180],"improving":[184],"accuracy":[186],"as":[190,192],"well":[191],"reducing":[193],"complexity":[194],"both":[196],"beamformer":[200],"design.":[201],"achieves":[206],"approximately":[207],"96%":[208],"converged":[211],"spectrum":[212],"performance":[214],"after":[215],"only":[216],"three":[217],"iterations":[218],"downlink":[220],"transmission,":[221],"demonstrating":[222],"its":[223],"efficacy":[224],"potential":[226],"applications.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}