{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385267612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116","title":"Covert Wireless Communications for Augmented Reality Systems With Dual Cooperative UAVs","display_name":"Covert Wireless Communications for Augmented Reality Systems With Dual Cooperative UAVs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385267612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101550435","display_name":"Yang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9822-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042368869","display_name":"Yuwen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-549X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-549X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631973","display_name":"Ke Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1246-7532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007513378","display_name":"Zhen Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-0604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9769-0604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044969631","display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045399903","display_name":"Xiangwei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-9555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000735239","display_name":"Wen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-0589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5511,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99184214,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"1119","last_page":"1130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7564160823822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6098280549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5988772511482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5210798978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5031704306602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.46436354517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45298418402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.44874638319015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.28703227639198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.199496328830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1100517213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10072445869445801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7564160823822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6098280549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5988772511482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5210798978805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5031704306602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.46436354517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45298418402671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.44874638319015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.28703227639198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.199496328830719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1100517213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10072445869445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3299116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5420527877","display_name":"\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b9\u5411\u8c03\u5236\u7684\u9690\u853d\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7701723719","display_name":"\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u5b57\u7ed3\u6784\u7a7a\u95f4\u8c03\u5236\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2523219060","https://openalex.org/W2543555054","https://openalex.org/W2609053064","https://openalex.org/W2756790867","https://openalex.org/W2782363571","https://openalex.org/W2809857136","https://openalex.org/W2899199116","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2915576678","https://openalex.org/W2917473314","https://openalex.org/W2945102934","https://openalex.org/W2950582173","https://openalex.org/W2962657034","https://openalex.org/W2963385432","https://openalex.org/W2963440157","https://openalex.org/W2964114200","https://openalex.org/W2979707074","https://openalex.org/W3011039844","https://openalex.org/W3011293767","https://openalex.org/W3023776207","https://openalex.org/W3036653964","https://openalex.org/W3056678973","https://openalex.org/W3102424709","https://openalex.org/W3103461411","https://openalex.org/W3105288790","https://openalex.org/W3109804967","https://openalex.org/W3125553008","https://openalex.org/W3132976614","https://openalex.org/W3185268715","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2120897947","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W1865172210","https://openalex.org/W2027568561","https://openalex.org/W2790025453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"aided":[4],"augmented":[5],"reality":[6],"(AR)":[7],"has":[8,15],"developed":[9],"rapidly":[10],"in":[11,20,84],"recent":[12],"years":[13],"and":[14,25,66,91,136,140,169,177],"become":[16],"a":[17,46,67,72,110,184],"promising":[18],"technology":[19],"disaster":[21],"rescue,":[22],"transportation,":[23],"agriculture,":[24],"environmental":[26],"monitoring.":[27],"However,":[28,80],"the":[29,34,60,77,89,96,100,104,115,118,124,129,155,161,179],"information":[30],"leakage":[31],"is":[32,54,126,131],"challenging":[33],"usage":[35],"of":[36,99,123,160],"UAV-aided":[37],"AR":[38],"systems":[39],"with":[40,76],"wireless":[41],"communications.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"dual":[47],"UAVs":[48,82,90],"assisted":[49],"covert":[50,61,97,106,157,175],"communication":[51],"system":[52],"(CCS)":[53],"proposed,":[55],"where":[56],"one":[57],"UAV":[58,69,181],"transmits":[59],"message":[62],"to":[63,74],"ground":[64,92],"receivers":[65],"cooperative":[68,180],"performs":[70],"as":[71,183],"jammer":[73],"interfere":[75],"malicious":[78],"eavesdropper.":[79],"flying":[81],"result":[83],"fast":[85],"channel":[86],"fading":[87],"between":[88],"nodes,":[93],"which":[94],"reduces":[95],"rate":[98,158],"CCSs.":[101],"To":[102],"maximize":[103],"average":[105,156],"rate,":[107],"we":[108],"formulated":[109],"non-convex":[111],"optimization":[112,163],"problem":[113,130],"under":[114],"constraint":[116,176],"that":[117,154],"detection":[119],"error":[120],"probability":[121],"(DEP)":[122],"monitor":[125],"minimum.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"decomposed":[132],"into":[133,138],"three":[134],"subproblems":[135,142],"transformed":[137],"convex,":[139],"these":[141],"are":[143],"solved":[144],"alternately":[145],"by":[146],"designing":[147],"an":[148],"iterative":[149],"algorithm.":[150],"Simulation":[151],"results":[152],"reveal":[153],"performance":[159],"proposed":[162],"algorithm":[164],"can":[165],"respectively":[166],"achieve":[167],"16%":[168],"40%":[170],"gains":[171],"than":[172],"those":[173],"without":[174,178],"used":[182],"jammer.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
