{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383753323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650","title":"Generative AI-Empowered Simulation for Autonomous Driving in Vehicular Mixed Reality Metaverses","display_name":"Generative AI-Empowered Simulation for Autonomous Driving in Vehicular Mixed Reality Metaverses","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383753323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053209543","display_name":"Minrui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-8146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minrui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-8146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102015812","display_name":"Junlong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-8190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-8190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440579","display_name":"Hongliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062761975","display_name":"Jiawen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080122431","display_name":"Shiwen Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-0007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-0007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.7637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9941234,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"1064","last_page":"1079"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8768877387046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.673838198184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5345622301101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47998926043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47575896978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.42090246081352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34625327587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3281157612800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.238357275724411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.12059015035629272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8768877387046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.673838198184967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5345622301101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47998926043510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47575896978378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.42090246081352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34625327587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3281157612800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.238357275724411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.12059015035629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2023.3293650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42167783","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1932-4553","issn":["1932-4553","1941-0484"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6757976958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6979555910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G751536327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102099","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7712542659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRG-ISTD-2021165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","funder_display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8870162898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021QN02S643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334009","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322622","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zqm6r10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324110","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334009","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Pearl River Talents Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977610018","https://openalex.org/W2053910446","https://openalex.org/W2523833011","https://openalex.org/W2571380762","https://openalex.org/W2604410034","https://openalex.org/W2761780843","https://openalex.org/W2763302263","https://openalex.org/W2896196835","https://openalex.org/W2920095265","https://openalex.org/W2960571052","https://openalex.org/W2964068851","https://openalex.org/W2965312081","https://openalex.org/W3015801342","https://openalex.org/W3034264193","https://openalex.org/W3089248281","https://openalex.org/W3112014495","https://openalex.org/W3117560819","https://openalex.org/W3127647470","https://openalex.org/W3129115847","https://openalex.org/W3130503957","https://openalex.org/W3154067460","https://openalex.org/W3173629300","https://openalex.org/W3182194057","https://openalex.org/W3202317291","https://openalex.org/W3205260830","https://openalex.org/W3211531747","https://openalex.org/W4200382269","https://openalex.org/W4220967177","https://openalex.org/W4225627334","https://openalex.org/W4226197395","https://openalex.org/W4290973502","https://openalex.org/W4296707125","https://openalex.org/W4296708457","https://openalex.org/W4304086133","https://openalex.org/W4310055708","https://openalex.org/W4312652047","https://openalex.org/W4312701615","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4312940001","https://openalex.org/W4313306789","https://openalex.org/W4313555656","https://openalex.org/W4315629857","https://openalex.org/W4316116392","https://openalex.org/W4317350132","https://openalex.org/W4383108499","https://openalex.org/W4386072096","https://openalex.org/W4390422171","https://openalex.org/W4390828922","https://openalex.org/W6849172373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W4294974825","https://openalex.org/W2967400911","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W2943580202","https://openalex.org/W4241017176","https://openalex.org/W2488129135"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,96],"the":[1,7,19,49,83,137,152,201],"vehicular":[2,50],"mixed":[3],"reality":[4],"(MR)":[5],"Metaverse,":[6],"discrepancy":[8],"between":[9],"physical":[10,20,84],"and":[11,21,44,58,67,73,80,89,115,124,157,167,196,204,208],"virtual":[12,22,45,160],"entities":[13],"can":[14,47,162],"be":[15],"overcome":[16],"by":[17,32],"fusing":[18],"environments":[23],"with":[24,144],"multi-dimensional":[25],"communications":[26],"in":[27,92],"autonomous":[28,38,93,102,191],"driving":[29,60,74,94,103,116,122,166],"systems.":[30,95],"Assisted":[31],"digital":[33],"twin":[34],"(DT)":[35],"technologies,":[36],"connected":[37],"vehicles":[39],"(AVs),":[40],"roadside":[41],"units":[42],"(RSUs),":[43],"simulators":[46,161],"maintain":[48],"MR":[51],"Metaverse":[52],"via":[53,76,118],"simulations":[54,119],"for":[55,86,120,136,170,185,190],"sharing":[56],"data":[57,78,117],"making":[59],"decisions":[61],"collaboratively.":[62],"However,":[63],"it":[64],"is":[65,108],"challenging":[66],"costly":[68],"to":[69,110,181],"enable":[70],"large-scale":[71],"traffic":[72,114,125,168],"simulation":[75],"realistic":[77],"collection":[79],"fusion":[81],"from":[82],"world":[85],"online":[87],"prediction":[88],"offline":[90],"training":[91],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99,129,174],"propose":[100,130,175],"an":[101],"architecture,":[104],"where":[105],"generative":[106],"AI":[107],"leveraged":[109],"synthesize":[111,163],"unlimited":[112,164],"conditioned":[113,165],"improving":[121],"safety":[123],"control":[126],"efficiency.":[127],"First,":[128],"a":[131,176],"multi-task":[132,177],"DT":[133,142],"offloading":[134],"model":[135],"reliable":[138],"execution":[139],"of":[140,154],"heterogeneous":[141],"tasks":[143],"different":[145],"requirements":[146],"at":[147],"RSUs.":[148],"Then,":[149],"based":[150],"on":[151,187],"preferences":[153],"AV's":[155],"DTs":[156],"real-world":[158],"data,":[159],"datasets":[169],"improved":[171],"robustness.":[172],"Finally,":[173],"enhanced":[178],"auction-based":[179],"mechanism":[180,203],"provide":[182],"fine-grained":[183],"incentives":[184],"RSUs":[186],"providing":[188],"resources":[189],"driving.":[192],"The":[193],"property":[194],"analysis":[195],"experimental":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200],"proposed":[202],"architecture":[205],"are":[206],"strategy-proof":[207],"effective.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
